Fig. 1
Electron temperature estimates for M 31, based on the empirical method, the ([OII] +[OIII])/Hβ ratio, by Dennefeld & Kunth (1981) and Blair et al. (1982) after correcting for M 31’s inclination of 75° and scaling to D = 780 kpc. Also shown are the fitted least-squares slope (dashed line) and the 5σ confidence levels (red solid lines).
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