Fig. 2

Upper panel: mean magnetic field strength
computed from the BOREAS subroutine as a function of stellar angular velocity
normalized to the Sun’s velocity. The Sun’s range of
B∗f∗ = 2 − 7.7 G
is shown as a vertical bar. The upper and lower dotted lines illustrate
B∗fmax and
B∗fmin, respectively.
The red dashed line is a power-law fit to
B∗f∗ in the
non-saturated regime (cf. Eq. (12)). Middle panel: the mass-loss rate computed from the
BOREAS subroutine as a function of stellar angular velocity normalized to the
Sun’s velocity. The range of Ṁ estimate for the Sun is shown with
a vertical bar. The red dashed line is a power-law fit to Ṁ in
the non-saturated regime (cf. Eq. (14)). Lower panel: the angular momentum loss rate as a
function of angular velocity. Both quantities are normalized to the Sun’s
(,
and Ω⊙ = 2.87 × 10-6 s-1). Three overlapping
curves are illustrated for fast (blue), median (green), and slow (red) rotator
models. The temporal evolution of Teff and
R∗ is included in the computation of
for each model.
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