Table A.2
Models for the in situ formation of Jupiter.
| Phase | J1 | J1a | nominal | |
|
|
||||
| First luminosity peak | Time | 0.242 | 0.242 | 0.188 |
| M | 8.13 | 8.13 | 8.20 | |
| M Z | 8.12 | 8.12 | 8.17 | |
| M XY | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | |
| Ṁ Z | 1.00 × 10-4 | 1.00 × 10-4 | 1.40 × 10-4 | |
| R | 25.8 | 25.8 | 26.9 | |
| log L/L⊙ | –4.99 | –4.99 | –4.81 | |
|
|
||||
| Crossover point | Time | 7.49 | 3.38 | 0.817 |
| M | 33.23 | 25.96 | 32.53 | |
| M cr | 16.62 | 12.98 | 16.27 | |
| Ṁ Z | 2.37 × 10-6 | 0 | 1.70 × 10-5 | |
| Ṁ XY | 1.19 × 10-5 | 2.14 × 10-5 | 8.33 × 10-5 | |
| R | 61.2 | 53.5 | 60.4 | |
| log L/L⊙ | –6.31 | –6.84 | –5.46 | |
|
|
||||
| Onset of limited | Time | 8.02 | 4.125 | 0.923 |
| gas accretion | M | 98.7 | 107.5 | 86.7 |
| M Z | 22.9 | 13.0 | 21.8 | |
| M XY | 75.8 | 94.5 | 64.9 | |
| Ṁ Z | 5.94 × 10-4 | 0 | 6.13 × 10-4 | |
| R | 104.0 | 108.2 | 98.1 | |
| log L/L⊙ | –4.03 | –4.10 | –4.03 | |
|
|
||||
| Second luminosity peak | Time | 8.036 | 4.141 | 0.940 |
| M | 266.9 | 266.0 | 264.4 | |
| M Z | 32.7 | 13.0 | 30.9 | |
| M XY | 234.3 | 252.9 | 233.5 | |
| Ṁ Z | 4.84 × 10-4 | 0 | 3.60 × 10-4 | |
| R | 4.49 | 2.32 | 3.77 | |
| log L/L⊙ | –2.77 | –2.54 | –2.65 | |
| T cent | 5.25 × 104 | 5.01 × 104 | 6.08 × 104 | |
|
|
||||
| Present day (4.6 Gyr) | M | 318.7 | 317.8 | 316.6 |
| M Z | 35.4 | 13.0 | 32.9 | |
| M XY | 283.3 | 304.8 | 283.7 | |
| R | 1.14 | 1.15 | 0.99 | |
| ρ core | 3.2 | 3.2 | 14.31 | |
| log L/L⊙ | –8.83 | –8.79 | –9.01 | |
| L/LX | 1.73 | 1.88 | 1.13 | |
| T | 128.4 | 129.2 | 126.3 | |
| T cent | 2.16 × 104 | 2.28 × 104 | 1.76 × 104 | |
Notes. J1 and J1a are the comparison calculations with Pollack et al. (1996). The third column is our own nominal model for Jupiter’s in situ formation, presented in Sect. 6. It should be more realistic because it includes a reduced grain opacity, a variable core density, and the ejection of planetesimals. The following units are used: time in Myr; masses in m⊕; accretion rates in M⊕/yr; radii in Jovian equatorial radii equal 7.15 × 109 cm; core densities in g/cm3; temperatures in K; LX is the present day Jovian intrinsic luminosity LX = 8.7 × 10-10 L⊙.
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