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Fig. 1

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Gas accretion rates as a function of time of a forming giant planet, and accretion rate in the surrounding protoplanetary disk at the moment of transition into gas runaway accretion. The thick black solid line is the accretion rate of the planet XY. The thin solid black line is the disk-limited rate XY,max. The red dotted line is XY,max,F, the (non-equilibrium) flow-limited maximal accretion rate, while the rate limited by the local reservoir is shown by the magenta dashed-dotted line (XY,max,R). The cyan long-dashed-dotted line shows Mfeed/dt. The accretion rate in the disk inside the planet’s position, I, is the blue dashed line, while the accretion rate in the disk outside the planet’s position O is the green long-dashed line.

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