Fig. 1

Average of blackbodies of temperature T + ΔT and T − ΔT creates a new spectrum marked “Average(Y)” which is different from blackbody spectrum marked with temperature T. The average spectrum is just the usual y-type distortion with respect to a new blackbody at temperature T [1 + (ΔT/T)2] , with the two crossing at x = 3.83. At redshifts z ≳ 105 the average spectrum will comptonize to Bose-Einstein spectrum marked μ above. All three spectra, T [1 + (ΔT/T)2] , Average (Y), and μ, have the same number density of photons. Average/y-type spectrum and Bose-Einstein/μ-type spectrum also have the same energy density which is greater than the energy density in the blackbody spectrum with temperature T [1 + (ΔT/T)2] by 1/3 of the initial energy density excess over that of blackbody with temperature T. We have used linear order formulae to calculate the y and μ distortions in the figure but used a large value of ΔT/T to make differences between different curves visible.
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.