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Table 1

Swift XRT and UVOT observations of comet Lulin performed in early 2009, listed by the observation identifier (OBS_ID).

OBS_ID Start Stop T rh Δ S-E-C ΔRA ΔDec Flux uvw1 Flux v-band Flux (OH) N(OH) Q (OH) Nx XRT flux
(s) (AU) (AU) (deg) (s/s) (s/s) (W   m-2   sr-1) (W   m-2   sr-1) (W   m-2   sr-1) (mol.) (mol.   s-1) cgs
(×1033) (×1028) (×10-13)
31332 01-28.00 01-28.08 2335 1.245 1.083 74.43 –0.025 0.006 0.30  ±  0.01 ... ... <11.0 <9.65 273 10.4  ±  3
31332a 0.29  ±  0.01 ... ... <11.0 <9.63 ...
31336 01-28.13 01-28.14 1136 1.246 1.079 74.64 –0.026 0.006 ... ... ... ... ... 138 <25
31337 01-28.19 01-28.27 2276 1.246 1.077 74.75 –0.026 0.006 ... ... ... ... ... 299 11.0  ±  3
31347 02-16.53 02-16.55 943 1.338 0.508 125.04 –0.132 0.051 0.59  ±  0.03 0.81  ±  0.12 0.47  ±  0.06 3.16  ±  0.4 5.5  ±  0.7 58 <6.1
31348 02-16.61 02-16.62 932 1.339 0.506 125.36 –0.133 0.051 0.60  ±  0.03 0.86  ±  0.13 0.47  ±  0.06 3.11  ±  0.4 5.5  ±  0.6 44 <6.2
31349 02-16.67 02-16.69 948 1.339 0.505 125.66 –0.134 0.052 0.60  ±  0.03 0.85  ±  0.13 0.47  ±  0.06 3.11  ±  0.4 5.5  ±  0.6 52 <6.5
31350 02-16.74 02-16.75 935 1.340 0.503 125.95 –0.134 0.052 0.60  ±  0.03 0.85  ±  0.13 0.47  ±  0.06 3.11  ±  0.4 5.5  ±  0.7 53 <5.8
31351 02-16.81 02-16.82 937 1.340 0.502 126.25 –0.135 0.052 0.60  ±  0.03 0.84  ±  0.13 0.47  ±  0.06 3.10  ±  0.4 5.5  ±  0.7 69 <9.8
31352 02-16.88 02-16.89 940 1.341 0.500 126.56 –0.136 0.053 0.59  ±  0.03 0.86  ±  0.13 0.46  ±  0.06 3.04  ±  0.4 5.5  ±  0.6 82 <10.2
31353 02-16.94 02-16.95 932 1.341 0.499 126.86 –0.137 0.053 0.60  ±  0.03 0.86  ±  0.13 0.47  ±  0.06 3.05  ±  0.4 5.5  ±  0.6 87 7.1  ±  3
31364 03-04.31 03-04.33 1643 1.455 0.519 149.02 –0.131 0.037 0.53  ±  0.03 0.60  ±  0.10 0.43  ±  0.04 2.57  ±  0.3 4.2  ±  0.5 84 <4.2
31365 03-04.38 03-04.40 1653 1.456 0.520 148.74 –0.130 0.036 0.52  ±  0.03 0.60  ±  0.10 0.43  ±  0.04 2.56  ±  0.3 4.2  ±  0.5 99 <4.0
31366 03-04.44 03-04.46 1643 1.456 0.522 148.46 –0.130 0.036 0.52  ±  0.03 0.59  ±  0.10 0.43  ±  0.04 2.59  ±  0.3 4.2  ±  0.5 115 <6.0
31367 03-04.51 03-04.53 1620 1.456 0.523 148.18 –0.128 0.035 0.52  ±  0.03 0.59  ±  0.10 0.43  ±  0.04 2.58  ±  0.3 4.2  ±  0.5 108 <5.8

Notes. Start and stop times are given for the XRT exposures in the format MM-DD. We also note the XRT livetimes (T), the Sun-comet distance (rh), the Earth-comet distance (Δ), the Sun-Earth-comet (S-E-C) angle and the rate of change in right ascension and declination (ΔRA, ΔDec). The horizontal lines separate the three observing periods. We list the UVOT measured fluxes for the uvw1 and v-band filters in 400 arcsec apertures (see Sect. 2.2). Flux (OH) is the flux in the uvw1 filter after removal for the continuum contribution (see Sect. 3.3). N(OH) is the number of OH molecules in a 400 arcsec aperture and Q(OH) is the production rate of OH molecules (see Sect. 3.3.1). No v-band observations were obtained on 2009-01-28, and we list upper limits for the OH production rates based on the total measured uvw1 flux. Only stochastic errors are given. The systematic uncertainty in the UVOT measured fluxes is less than 5%, and approximately 25% for Q(OH). We list the total number of X-ray photons for each pointing (Nx) within the spectral extraction region and between 0.3 and 1 keV, as described in Sect. 3.1. We also list the measured XRT X-ray fluxes (between 0.3 and 1 keV in cgs units (erg   cm-2   s-1), see Sect. 3.3.3) in the last column, or upper limits where appropriate (assuming a negligible background).

(a)

Two uvw1 exposures were obtained for the observation 31332.

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