Two upper panels: the (V,   (V − I)) colour–magnitude diagrams of our field in Baade’s window, as observed (left) and simulated by the Besançon model (right). The red boxes in these panels show the sample selection. The lower part of the figure presents the distributions in gravities (left) and distances (right) of model stars falling in the selection box, separated into their parent populations: bulge (red), thin disc (black), and thick disc (blue).