Mass of the second largest fragments. The broad categorisation into bouncing (open triangles), sticking (closed triangles), and fragmentation (open squares) can be identified by masses of the second largest fragments being approximately the projectile mass (dashed line), nearly vanishing, and smaller than the projectile mass, respectively. For the fragmenting collisions, the mass of the second largest fragment initially increases with collision velocity. However, at higher collision velocities, the fragment mass decreases because of the collision nature of the simulations.