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Fig. 1

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SNIa rate (in SNuB) versus time predicted by models 1a (solid), 4a (dashed), 4c (dot-dashed), and 5a (dot-dot-dashed), respectively. The shaded areas give the observed range in clusters and lower density environments by Mannucci et al. (2008), respectively. The horizontal lines mark the present day rate by Cappellaro et al. (1999), that has been used by many previous works and a rate that is one sixth of the Cappellaro et al. value, as adopted by Loewenstein & Davis (2010).

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