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Table 1
The mineralogy of interstellar grains.
| Component | Fraction of solid phase | Primary spectral features |
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| Amorphous carbons (sp2, sp3), a-C:H, PAHs | >80% C | aromatic emission bands, ≈200 nm features, 3.4 μm C-H stretch |
| Nanodiamonds (sp3 carbon) | ≈10% C | tertiary C-H stretch (2.9 μm), Far UV absorption, 22 μm peak |
| Graphitic carbon (sp2) | ≈5% C | 217.5 nm peak |
| SiC | trace C | Broad 11.2 μm peak |
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| Amorphous silicate (Fe, Mg)xSiOy | >95% O | 9.7 and 18 μm peaks |
| Corundum (Al2O3) | trace O | 12–13 μm peak |
| Spinel (Fe, Mg)Al2O4 | trace O | 12−13 μm peak |
| Crystalline silicates: amorphised in the ISM | trace O | 11.3 μm olivine sub-peak to the 10 μm feature, many FIR features |
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| Water ice polar (plus organics) | >90% V | 3, 6, 12, 45, 60 μm peaks |
| Non-polar ices (N2, O2) | ≈5% V | indirect effects on dissolved species |
| Non-Polar ices (CO, CO2) | ≈5% | 4.67 (CO), 4.27 & 15.2 (CO2) μm peaks |
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| MgS, CaS, SiS2: react with H2O in the ISM | ? | 28, 40 and 22 μm peaks (respectively) in CS shells |
Notes. Solid phases: C = solid carbonaceous grains, O = oxide grains, V = volatile ices.
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