Fig. 5

Mass growth of the Mars analogs for all simulations plotted as a function of time. The most massive Mars analogs exceed the mass of Mars (0.11 M⊕) in only 2–3 Myr, and then in the next 10–20 Myr continue to grow to their final sizes, ending many times more massive than Mars. The two lines starting from ~0.05 M⊕ are for two planets of simulation “Test54”, the only successful normal simulation that started with half-Mars mass embryos. The bold line shows the mass growth of the planet ending at ~1.2 AU; the thin line the planet ending at ~1.9 AU.
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