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| Requirement/ | |
| Constraint | Design solution |
| High sensitivity | Cryogenically cooled ( 20 K)
HEMT amplifiers.
|
| Low residual 1/f, immunity from receiver systematics | Pseudo-correlation differential
design. Cryogenic reference load (4 K). Offset
|
| removal by gain modulation factor in post-processing. Fast switching (4 KHz) | |
| of sky and reference signal to suppress backend 1/f noise. | |
| Single telescope | ``Internal'' reference load. |
| Modularity, cryo testing. | Phase switch in frontend modules. |
| Low power dissipation at the 20 K stage. | Two amplification stages (cold frontend, warm backend). Low loss and thermal |
| conductivity interconnecting waveguides. | |
| Waveguide mechanical routing. | Phase switch and second hybrid in the frontend (avoids need of phase-matched |
| waveguides.) |
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