The stability of voids in the Local Universe: The role of the cosmological constant

¹ Center for Cosmology and Astrophysics, Alikhanian National Laboratory and Yerevan State University, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
² SIA, Sapienza University of Rome, 00191 Rome, Italy
³ Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of RAS, 125047 Moscow, Russia

^★ Corresponding author: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Received: 1 June 2026
Accepted: 16 June 2026

Abstract

The Vlasov kinetic formalism is employed to study the evolution and stability of cosmic voids in the Local Universe, taking into account not only the gravitational attraction, but also the repulsive effect of the cosmological constant (i.e., local dark energy). In accordance with the theorem on the general function of the identity between the gravitational fields of a sphere and a point mass, the cosmological constant provides a natural explanation for the Hubble tension, attributing it to local and global flows characterized by different Hubble parameters. The crucial role of the Λ-repulsion in maintaining the stability of voids at the present epoch is demonstrated when Landau damping suppresses discrete collapse modes and prevents random local density perturbations inside the voids from growing and incorporating new galaxies into the walls. Inside the voids, the Λ-repulsion exceeds the attractive force of the residual matter, driving matter outward and accelerating its migration toward the void boundaries. In the Local (late) Universe, cosmic voids have entered a stage characterized by stable and more pronounced walls, as studied via observational surveys across different redshift ranges.