Polarized radiation from the spreading layer of weakly magnetized neutron stars

¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, 20014 University of Turku, Finland
² Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland

^⋆ Corresponding author; anna.a.bobrikova@utu.fi

Received: 24 September 2024
Accepted: 6 March 2025

Abstract

Observations show that the X-ray emission of the accreting weakly magnetized neutron stars is polarized. We developed a theoretical model for polarized radiation from the spreading layer, which is the extension of the accretion flow boundary layer onto the neutron star surface. We calculated the Stokes parameters of the radiation and accounted for relativistic aberration and gravitational light bending in the Schwarzschild metric. We show that regardless of the geometry, the polarization degree of the spreading layer does not exceed 1.5%. Our results have implications with regard to the understanding of the X-ray polarization from weakly magnetized neutron stars observed with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer and the future enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission.