Issue |
A&A
Volume 695, March 2025
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A283 | |
Number of page(s) | 28 | |
Section | Cosmology (including clusters of galaxies) | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202452129 | |
Published online | 03 April 2025 |
Euclid preparation
LXVII. Deep learning true galaxy morphologies for weak lensing shear bias calibration
1
Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Technikerstr. 25/8, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
2
Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
3
Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
4
School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
5
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy
6
IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy
7
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
8
INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, TS, Italy
9
SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, TS, Italy
10
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
11
INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
12
INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
13
Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
14
Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany
15
INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy
16
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
17
INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
18
Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy
19
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy
20
INFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy
21
Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, PT4150-762 Porto, Portugal
22
Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo de Alegre, 4150-007 Porto, Portugal
23
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
24
INFN-Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
25
INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
26
Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
27
Port d’Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
28
Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
29
Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
30
Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, Campus UPC, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
31
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy
32
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
33
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Vía Láctea, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
34
Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
35
European Space Agency/ESRIN, Largo Galileo Galilei 1, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
36
ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
37
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
38
Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
39
Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB), Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
40
Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
41
UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon, 4 rue Enrico Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
42
Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
43
Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, PT1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
44
Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
45
Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
46
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale, 91405 Orsay, France
47
INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
48
INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy
49
Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
50
Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
51
School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, UK
52
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy
53
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
54
Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
55
Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
56
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
57
Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
58
Felix Hormuth Engineering, Goethestr. 17, 69181 Leimen, Germany
59
Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
60
Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Copenhagen, Denmark
61
Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
62
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, 91405 Orsay, France
63
Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
64
Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
65
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
66
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
67
Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
68
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
69
Université de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
70
Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
71
Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
72
NOVA optical infrared instrumentation group at ASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991PD Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
73
INFN-Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
74
University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland, School of Engineering, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland
75
Universität Bonn, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
76
INFN-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2 - c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00185 Roma, Italy
77
Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
78
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
79
Department of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
80
Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France
81
Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
82
European Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
83
Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
84
DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 155, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
85
Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales – Centre spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
86
Institute of Space Science, Str. Atomistilor, nr. 409 Măgurele, Ilfov 077125, Romania
87
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
88
Institut für Theoretische Physik, University of Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
89
Université St Joseph; Faculty of Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
90
Satlantis, University Science Park, Sede Bld, 48940 Leioa-Bilbao, Spain
91
Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
92
Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
93
Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadoras, Plaza del Hospital 1, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
94
Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
95
INFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy
96
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Genova, and INFN-Sezione di Genova, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
97
INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
98
Astronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta Valley (OAVdA), Loc. Lignan 39, I-11020 Nus (Aosta Valley), Italy
99
ICL, Junia, Université Catholique de Lille, LITL, 59000 Lille, France
100
ICSC - Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy
101
Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
102
CERCA/ISO, Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
103
Laboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France
104
Departamento de Física Fundamental. Universidad de Salamanca. Plaza de la Merced s/n., 37008 Salamanca, Spain
105
Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
106
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
107
Center for Data-Driven Discovery, Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
108
Dipartimento di Fisica - Sezione di Astronomia, Università di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy
109
Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
110
Institute Lorentz, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA, Leiden, The Netherlands
111
Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
112
Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
113
Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
114
Department of Astronomy & Physics and Institute for Computational Astrophysics, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
115
Departamento Física Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, 30202 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
116
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC); Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
117
Department of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
118
Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK
119
Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, PO Box 15400 Espoo FI-00 076, Finland
120
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, c/ Via Lactea s/n, La Laguna 38200, Spain. Departamento de Astrofísica de la Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Francisco Sanchez, La Laguna 38200, Spain
121
Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute (AIRUB), German Centre for Cosmological Lensing (GCCL), 44780 Bochum, Germany
122
Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 53, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
123
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vesilinnantie 5, 20014 University of Turku, Finland
124
Serco for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
125
ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Melbourne, Australia
126
Centre for Astrophysics & Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
127
School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
128
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
129
ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research, Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
130
IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
131
Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
132
Astrophysics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
133
INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy
134
Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
135
Aurora Technology for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
136
Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal
137
HE Space for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
138
Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
139
Department of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
140
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy
141
INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
142
Theoretical astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 515 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
143
Department of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London TW20 0EX, UK
144
Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Peyton Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
145
Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Copenhagen, Denmark
146
Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics, Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
147
Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, 10010 New York, NY, USA
⋆ Corresponding author; benjamin.csizi@uibk.ac.at
Received:
5
September
2024
Accepted:
21
January
2025
To date, galaxy image simulations for weak lensing surveys usually approximate the light profiles of all galaxies as a single or double Sérsic profile, neglecting the influence of galaxy substructures and morphologies deviating from such a simplified parametric characterisation. While this approximation may be sufficient for previous data sets, the stringent cosmic shear calibration requirements and the high quality of the data in the upcoming Euclid survey demand a consideration of the effects that realistic galaxy substructures and irregular shapes have on shear measurement biases. Here we present a novel deep learning-based method to create such simulated galaxies directly from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) data. We first build and validate a convolutional neural network based on the wavelet scattering transform to learn noise-free representations independent of the point-spread function (PSF) of HST galaxy images. These can be injected into simulations of images from Euclid’s optical instrument VIS without introducing noise correlations during PSF convolution or shearing. Then, we demonstrate the generation of new galaxy images by sampling from the model randomly as well as conditionally. In the latter case, we fine-tune the interpolation between latent space vectors of sample galaxies to directly obtain new realistic objects following a specific Sérsic index and half-light radius distribution. Furthermore, we show that the distribution of galaxy structural and morphological parameters of our generative model matches the distribution of the input HST training data, proving the capability of the model to produce realistic shapes. Next, we quantify the cosmic shear bias from complex galaxy shapes in Euclid-like simulations by comparing the shear measurement biases between a sample of model objects and their best-fit double-Sérsic counterparts, thereby creating two separate branches that only differ in the complexity of their shapes. Using the Kaiser, Squires, and Broadhurst shape measurement algorithm, we find a multiplicative bias difference between these branches with realistic morphologies and parametric profiles on the order of (6.9 ± 0.6)×10−3 for a realistic magnitude-Sérsic index distribution. Moreover, we find clear detection bias differences between full image scenes simulated with parametric and realistic galaxies, leading to a bias difference of (4.0 ± 0.9)×10−3 independent of the shape measurement method. This makes complex morphology relevant for stage IV weak lensing surveys, exceeding the full error budget of the Euclid Wide Survey (Δμ1, 2 < 2 × 103).
Key words: gravitational lensing: weak / methods: data analysis / techniques: image processing / galaxies: fundamental parameters
© The Authors 2025
Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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