Euclid preparation

LX. The use of HST images as input for weak-lensing image simulations

¹ Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
² Universität Bonn, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
³ Universität Innsbruck, Institut für Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Technikerstr. 25/8, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
⁴ Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
⁵ Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands
⁶ Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
⁷ Department of Physics, Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University, South Road DH1 3LE, UK
⁸ Department of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road DH1 3LE, UK
⁹ Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, PT1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
¹⁰ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
¹¹ Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale, 91405 Orsay, France
¹² ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
¹³ School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
¹⁴ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy
¹⁵ INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
¹⁶ IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy
¹⁷ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
¹⁸ INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, TS, Italy
¹⁹ SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, TS, Italy
²⁰ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
²¹ INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
²² Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
²³ INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy
²⁴ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
²⁵ INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
²⁶ Department of Physics ‘E. Pancini’, University Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy
²⁷ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy
²⁸ INFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy
²⁹ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, PT4150-762 Porto, Portugal
³⁰ Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo de Alegre 4150-007 Porto, Portugal
³¹ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
³² INFN-Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
³³ INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
³⁴ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy
³⁵ INFN-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2 – c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00185 Roma, Italy
³⁶ Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
³⁷ Port d’Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
³⁸ Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
³⁹ Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
⁴⁰ Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Edifici RDIT, Campus UPC, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
⁴¹ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” – Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
⁴² Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Calle Vía Láctea s/n, 38204 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
⁴³ Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
⁴⁴ European Space Agency/ESRIN, Largo Galileo Galilei 1, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
⁴⁵ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne F-69100, France
⁴⁶ Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
⁴⁷ UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon, 4 rue Enrico Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
⁴⁸ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
⁴⁹ Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
⁵⁰ INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy
⁵¹ INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
⁵² Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris Cité, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
⁵³ Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
⁵⁴ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy
⁵⁵ FRACTAL S.L.N.E., calle Tulipán 2, Portal 13 1A, 28231 Las Rozas de Madrid, Spain
⁵⁶ INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
⁵⁷ Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany
⁵⁸ Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
⁵⁹ Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
⁶⁰ Felix Hormuth Engineering, Goethestr. 17, 69181 Leimen, Germany
⁶¹ Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
⁶² Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Denmark
⁶³ Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
⁶⁴ Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
⁶⁵ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
⁶⁶ Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
⁶⁷ Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
⁶⁸ Université de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
⁶⁹ Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
⁷⁰ Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
⁷¹ NOVA optical infrared instrumentation group at ASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991PD Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
⁷² Centre de Calcul de l’IN2P3/CNRS, 21 avenue Pierre de Coubertin, 69627 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
⁷³ Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
⁷⁴ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁷⁵ Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France
⁷⁶ Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
⁷⁷ European Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
⁷⁸ Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
⁷⁹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade 120, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
⁸⁰ Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
⁸¹ Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales – Centre spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
⁸² Institute of Space Science, Str. Atomistilor, nr. 409 Măgurele, Ilfov 077125, Romania
⁸³ Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
⁸⁴ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G. Galilei”, Università di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
⁸⁵ Institut für Theoretische Physik, University of Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
⁸⁶ Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
⁸⁷ Université St Joseph; Faculty of Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
⁸⁸ Departamento de Física, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2008, Santiago, Chile
⁸⁹ Satlantis, University Science Park, Sede Bld 48940, Leioa-Bilbao, Spain
⁹⁰ Centre for Electronic Imaging, Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
⁹¹ Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
⁹² Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadoras, Plaza del Hospital 1, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
⁹³ INFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy
⁹⁴ Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800 9700 AV, Groningen, The Netherlands
⁹⁵ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Genova, and INFN-Sezione di Genova, via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
⁹⁶ INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁹⁷ Astronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta Valley (OAVdA), Loc. Lignan 39, I-11020 Nus (Aosta Valley), Italy
⁹⁸ Junia, EPA department, 41 Bd Vauban, 59800 Lille, France
⁹⁹ ICSC – Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy
¹⁰⁰ Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
¹⁰¹ CERCA/ISO, Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland OH 44106, USA
¹⁰² Laboratoire Univers et Théorie, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Université Paris Cité, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France
¹⁰³ Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
¹⁰⁴ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
¹⁰⁵ Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan
¹⁰⁶ Dipartimento di Fisica - Sezione di Astronomia, Università di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy
¹⁰⁷ Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
¹⁰⁸ Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France
¹⁰⁹ Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
¹¹⁰ Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
¹¹¹ Department of Astronomy & Physics and Institute for Computational Astrophysics, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
¹¹² Departamento Física Aplicada, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, 30202 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain
¹¹³ Department of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
¹¹⁴ Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK
¹¹⁵ Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, PO Box 15400 Espoo FI-00 076, Finland
¹¹⁶ Caltech/IPAC, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
¹¹⁷ Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute (AIRUB), German Centre for Cosmological Lensing (GCCL), 44780 Bochum, Germany
¹¹⁸ DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 155, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
¹¹⁹ Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 53, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
¹²⁰ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vesilinnantie 5, 20014 University of Turku, Finland
¹²¹ Serco for European Space Agency (ESA), Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanizacion Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
¹²² ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Melbourne, Australia
¹²³ Centre for Astrophysics & Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
¹²⁴ School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
¹²⁵ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
¹²⁶ ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research, Instituto de Física Teórica, Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
¹²⁷ Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91, Sweden
¹²⁸ Astrophysics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
¹²⁹ INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy
¹³⁰ Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
¹³¹ Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal
¹³² Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
¹³³ Department of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
¹³⁴ Theoretical astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 515 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
¹³⁵ Department of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London TW20 0EX, UK
¹³⁶ Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Peyton Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
¹³⁷ Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Denmark
¹³⁸ Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 128, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
¹³⁹ Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics, Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
¹⁴⁰ Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, 10010 New York, NY, USA

^⋆ Corresponding author; dianas@jpl.nasa.gov

Received: 19 July 2024
Accepted: 10 December 2024

Abstract

Data from the Euclid space telescope will enable cosmic shear measurements to be carried out with very small statistical errors, necessitating a corresponding level of systematic error control. A common approach to correct for shear biases involves calibrating shape measurement methods using image simulations with known input shear. Given their high resolution, galaxies observed with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) can, in principle, be utilised to emulate Euclid observations of sheared galaxy images with realistic morphologies. In this work, we employ a GalSim-based testing environment to investigate whether uncertainties in the HST point spread function (PSF) model or in data processing techniques introduce significant biases in weak-lensing (WL) shear calibration. We used single Sérsic galaxy models to simulate both HST and Euclid observations. We then ‘Euclidised’ our HST simulations and compared the results with the directly simulated Euclid-like images. For this comparison, we utilised a moment-based shape measurement algorithm and galaxy model fits. Through the Euclidisation procedure, we effectively reduced the residual multiplicative biases in shear measurements to sub-percent levels. This achievement was made possible by employing either the native pixel scales of the instruments, utilising the Lanczos15 interpolation kernel, correcting for noise correlations, and ensuring consistent galaxy signal-to-noise ratios between simulation branches. Alternatively, a finer pixel scale can be employed alongside deeper HST data. However, the Euclidisation procedure requires further analysis on the impact of the correlated noise, to estimate calibration bias. We found that additive biases can be mitigated by applying a post-deconvolution isotropisation in the Euclidisation set-up. Additionally, we conducted an in-depth analysis of the accuracy of TinyTim HST PSF models using star fields observed in the F606W and F814W filters. We observe that F606W images exhibit a broader scatter in the recovered best-fit focus, compared to those in the F814W filter. Estimating the focus value for the F606W filter in lower stellar density regimes has allowed us to reveal significant statistical uncertainties.