Candidate ram-pressure stripped galaxies in six low-redshift clusters revealed from ultraviolet imaging

¹ Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Scheinerstr. 1, 81679 Munich, Germany
² INAF-Astronomical Observatory of Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
³ Vatican Observatory, Vatican City, Vatican State
⁴ National Research Council of Canada, Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Centre, Victoria, Canada
⁵ University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
⁶ Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Vicuña Mackenna 3939, San Joaquín, Santiago de Chile, Chile
⁷ Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Avenida España, 1680 Valparaíso, Chile
⁸ Indian Institute of Astrophysics, Koramangala II Block, Bangalore, India
⁹ Manipal Centre for Natural Sciences, Centre of Excellence, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104 Karnataka, India
¹⁰ Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India
¹¹ Inter-University Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, India

Received: 9 April 2024
Accepted: 6 September 2024

Abstract

The assembly of galaxy clusters is understood to be a hierarchical process with a continuous accretion of galaxies over time, which increases the cluster size and mass. Late-type galaxies that fall into clusters can undergo ram-pressure stripping, forming extended gas tails within which star formation can happen. The number, location, and tail orientations of such galaxies provide clues about the galaxy infall process, the assembly of the cluster over time, and the consequences of infall for galaxy evolution. Here, we utilise the ∼0.5-degree diameter circular field of the Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope to image six galaxy clusters at z < 0.06 that are known to contain ‘jellyfish’ galaxies. We searched for stripping candidates in the ultraviolet images of these clusters, which revealed 54 candidates showing signs of unilateral extra-planar emission, due to ram-pressure stripping. Seven candidates had already been identified as likely stripping based on optical B-band imaging. We identified 47 new candidates through UV imaging. Spectroscopic redshift information is available for 39 of these candidate galaxies, of which 19 are associated with six clusters. The galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts that are not part of the clusters appear to be within structures at different redshifts identified as additional peaks in the redshift distribution of galaxies, indicating that they might be ram-pressure stripped or disturbed galaxies in other structures along the line of sight. We examine the orbital history of these galaxies based on their location in the position-velocity phase-space diagram and explore a possible connection to the orientation of the tail direction among cluster member candidates. There are limitations due to different integration times and imaging different regions with respect to the cluster centre. The tails of confirmed cluster member galaxies are found to be oriented away from the cluster centre.