Multiwavelength study of on-disk coronal-hole jets with IRIS and SDO observations

¹ Department of Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, University Campus, Zografos, GR-157 84 Athens, Greece
² Research Center for Astronomy and Applied Mathematics, Academy of Athens, Soranou Efesiou Str. 4, 11527 Athens, Greece
³ Physics Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece

Received: 31 October 2023
Accepted: 17 June 2024

Abstract

Context. Solar jets are an important field of study, as they may contribute to the mass and energy transfer from the lower to the upper atmosphere.

Aims. We use the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) and Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO) observations to study two small-scale jets (jet 1 and jet 2) originating in the same on-disk coronal hole observed in October 2013.

Methods. We combine dopplergrams, intensity maps, and line width maps derived from IRIS Si IV 1393.755 Å spectra along with images from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on SDO to describe the dynamics of the jets. Images from AIA, with the use of the emission measure loci technique and rectangular differential emission measure (DEM) distributions, provide estimations of the plasma temperatures. We used the O IV 1399.77 Å, 1401.16 Å spectral lines from IRIS to derive electron densities.

Results. For jet 1, the SDO images show a small mini-filament 2 minutes before the jet eruption, while jet 2 originates at a pre-existing coronal bright point. The analysis of asymmetric spectral profiles of the Si IV 1393.755 Å and 1402.770 Å lines reveals the existence of two spectral components at both regions. One of the components can be related to the background plasma emission originating outside the jet, while the secondary component represents higher-energy plasma flows associated with the jets. Both jets exhibit high densities of the order of 10¹¹ cm⁻³ at their base and 10¹⁰ cm⁻³ at the spire, respectively, as well as similar average nonthermal velocities of ∼50–60 km/s. However, the two jets show differences in their length, duration, and plane-of-sky velocity. Finally, the DEM analysis reveals that both jets exhibit multithermal distributions.

Conclusions. This work presents a comprehensive description of the thermal parameters and the dynamic evolution of two jets. The locations of the asymmetric profiles possibly indicate the areas of energy release triggering the jets.