Issue |
A&A
Volume 689, September 2024
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A61 | |
Number of page(s) | 13 | |
Section | Extragalactic astronomy | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450462 | |
Published online | 02 September 2024 |
Local gravitational instability of two-component thick discs in three dimensions
1
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi”, Università di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
2
DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 155, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
Received:
22
April
2024
Accepted:
20
May
2024
Aims. The local gravitational instability of rotating discs is believed to be an important mechanism in different astrophysical processes, including the formation of gas and stellar clumps in galaxies. We aim to study the local gravitational instability of two-component thick discs in three dimensions.
Methods. We use as a starting point a recently proposed analytic three-dimensional (3D) instability criterion for discs with non-negligible thickness that takes the form Q3D < 1, where Q3D is a 3D version of the classical 2D Toomre Q parameter for razor-thin discs. Here, we extend the 3D stability analysis to two-component discs, considering first the influence on Q3D of a second unresponsive component, and then the case in which both components are responsive. We present the application to two-component discs with isothermal vertical distributions, which can represent, for instance, galactic discs with both stellar and gaseous components. Finally, we relax the assumption of vertical isothermal distribution, by studying one-component self-gravitating discs with polytropic vertical distributions for a range of values of the polytropic index corresponding to convectively stable configurations.
Results. We find that Q3D < 1, where Q3D can be computed from observationally inferred quantities, is a robust indicator of local gravitational instability, depending only weakly on the presence of a second component and on the vertical gradient of temperature or velocity dispersion. We derive a sufficient condition for local gravitational instability in the midplane of two-component discs, which can be employed when both components have Q3D > 1.
Key words: instabilities / planets and satellites: formation / protoplanetary disks / stars: formation / galaxies: kinematics and dynamics / galaxies: star formation
© The Authors 2024
Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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