Cosmic insights from galaxy clusters: Exploring magnification bias on sub-millimetre galaxies

¹ Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, C. Federico García Lorca 18, 33007 Oviedo, Spain
e-mail: fernandezferrebeca@uniovi.es
² Instituto Universitario de Ciencias y Tecnologías Espaciales de Asturias (ICTEA), C. Independencia 13, 33004 Oviedo, Spain
³ SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
⁴ IFPU – Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, Via Beirut 2, 34014 Trieste, Italy

Received: 30 November 2023
Accepted: 16 February 2024

Abstract

Context. Magnification bias, an observational effect of gravitational lensing in the weak regime, allows the cosmological model to be tested through angular correlations of sources at different redshifts. This effect has been observed in various contexts, particularly with sub-millimetre galaxies (SMGs), offering valuable astrophysical and cosmological insights.

Aims. The study aims to investigate the magnification bias effect exerted by galaxy clusters on SMGs and its implications for astrophysical and cosmological parameters within the Λ-CDM model.

Methods. Magnification bias was explored by quantifying the cross-correlation function, which we then utilised to derive constraints on cosmological and astrophysical parameters with a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. Two distinct galaxy cluster samples were used to assess result robustness and understand the influence of sample characteristics.

Results. Cluster samples show higher cross-correlation values than galaxies, with an excess at larger scales suggesting contributions from additional large-scale structures. The parameters obtained, while consistent with those of galaxies, are less constrained due to broader redshift distributions and limited cluster statistics. Results align with weak lensing studies, hinting at slightly lower σ₈ and Ω_m values than Planck’s cosmic microwave background data, emphasising the need for enhanced precision and alternative low-redshift universe tests.

Conclusions. While this method yields constraints that are compatible with the Λ-CDM model, its limitations include broader redshift distributions and a limited number of lenses, resulting in less constrained parameters compared to previous galaxy studies. Nonetheless, our study underscores the potential of using galaxy clusters as lenses for magnification bias studies, capitalising on their elevated masses and thus providing a promising avenue to test current cosmology theories. Further progress can be made by expanding the lens sample size.