Evidence for saturated and disrupted magnetic braking from samples of detached close binaries with M and K dwarfs

¹ Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Valparaíso, Chile
e-mail: diogobellonizorzi@gmail.com
² Millenium Nucleus for Planet Formation, Valparaíso, Chile
³ Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
⁴ Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
⁵ Department of Astronomy and Theoretical Astrophysics Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

Received: 10 September 2023
Accepted: 5 November 2023

Abstract

Context. Recent observations of close detached eclipsing M and K dwarf binaries have provided substantial support for magnetic saturation when stars rotate sufficiently fast, leading to a magnetic braking (MB) torque proportional to the spin of the star.

Aims. We investigated here how strong MB torques need to be to reproduce the observationally inferred relative numbers of white dwarf plus M dwarf post-common-envelope binaries under the assumption of magnetic saturation.

Methods. We carried out binary population simulations with the BSE code adopting empirically derived inter-correlated main-sequence binary distributions as initial binary populations and compared the simulation outcomes with observations.

Results. We found that the dearth of extreme mass ratio binaries in the inter-correlated initial distributions is key to reproduce the large fraction of post-common-envelope binaries hosting low-mass M dwarfs (∼0.1 − 0.2 M_⊙). In addition, orbital angular momentum loss rates due to MB should be high for M dwarfs with radiative cores and orders of magnitude smaller for fully convective stars to explain the observed dramatic change of the fraction of short-period binaries at the fully convective boundary.

Conclusions. We conclude that saturated but disrupted, that is, dropping drastically at the fully convective boundary, MB can explain the observations of both close main-sequence binaries containing M and K dwarfs and post-common-envelope binaries. Whether a similar prescription can explain the spin down rates of single stars and of binaries containing more massive stars needs to be tested.