Cosmic voids and the kinetic analysis

III. Hubble tension and structure formation in the late Universe

¹ Center for Cosmology and Astrophysics, Alikhanian National Laboratory, Alikhanian Brothers str. 2, 0036, and Yerevan State University, Manukian str.1, 0025 Yerevan, Armenia
e-mail: gurzadyan@yerphi.am
² SIA, Sapienza Universita di Roma, Via Salaria 851/881, 00191 Rome, Italy
³ Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics of RAS, Miusskaya Sq. 4, 125047 Moscow, Russia
⁴ Institute of Computer Aided Design of RAS, 2nd Brestskaya st., 123056 Moscow, Russia

Received: 11 July 2023
Accepted: 24 July 2023

Abstract

We study structure formation in the late Universe within the Vlasov kinetic self-consistent field approach. Our work is principally focused on the use of the modified gravitational potential with a repulsive term of the cosmological constant, which is directly linked to observations that enable characterizations of the Hubble tension as the result of local and global flows. We formulate the criteria for the formation of the semi-periodic gravitating structures, along with the predictions of their quantitative scales associated with observable parameters. Our principal conclusion is that filament formation in the Local (late) Universe can proceed as a deterministic process that is distinct from the structures at larger scales that result from the essentially stochastic dynamics of density perturbations.