Issue |
A&A
Volume 677, September 2023
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A51 | |
Number of page(s) | 18 | |
Section | Planets and planetary systems | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202345975 | |
Published online | 05 September 2023 |
A re-analysis of equilibrium chemistry in five hot Jupiters
1
Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris (CNRS, Sorbonne Université),
98bis Bd Arago,
75014
Paris, France
e-mail: emilie.panek@iap.fr
2
School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania,
Private Bag 37 Hobart,
Tasmania
7001, Australia
3
Université Paris Cité and Univ. Paris-Est Créteil, CNRS, LISA,
75013
Paris, France
4
Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI),
3700 San Martin Dr,
Baltimore, MD
21218, USA
5
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London,
London, UK
6
LATMOS, CNRS, Sorbonne Université/UVSQ,
11 boulevard d’Alembert,
78280
Guyancourt, France
7
LESIA, Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris,
5 place Jules Janssen,
92195
Meudon, France
Received:
23
January
2023
Accepted:
10
June
2023
Aims. Studies of chemistry and chemical composition are fundamental to exploring the formation histories of planets and planetary systems. We propose having another look at five targets to better determine their composition and the chemical mechanisms taking place in their atmospheres. We present a re-analysis of five hot Jupiters, combining multiple instruments and using Bayesian retrieval methods. We compare different combinations of molecules present in the simulated atmosphere and various chemistry types, as well as a range of cloud parametrizations. Following up on recent studies questioning the detection of Na and K in the atmosphere of HD 209458b as being potentially contaminated by stellar lines (when present), we study the impact on other retrieval parameters that may lead to misinterpretations of the presence of these alkali species.
Methods. We used spatially scanned observations from the grisms G102 and G141 of the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) on the Hubble Space Telescope, with a wavelength coverage of ~0.8 to ~1.7 microns. We analyzed these data with the publicly available Iraclis pipeline. We added data from Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) observations to increase our wavelength coverage from ~0.4 to ~1.7 µm. We then performed a Bayesian retrieval analysis with the open-source TauREx using a nested sampling algorithm. We carried out the retrieval, taking into account molecular abundances that vary freely and then with equilibrium chemistry. We explored the influence of including Na and K on the retrieval of the molecules from the atmosphere.
Results. Our data re-analysis and Bayesian retrieval are consistent with previous studies, but we do find small differences in the retrieved parameters. After all, Na and K have no significant impact on the properties of the planet atmospheres. Therefore, we present here our new best-fit models, taking into account molecular abundances that are allowed to vary freely as well as the equilibrium chemistry. This work is a preparation for a future addition of a more sophisticated representation of the chemistry involved, while taking into account disequilibrium effects such as vertical mixing and photochemistry.
Key words: planets and satellites: atmospheres / methods: data analysis / planets and satellites: composition
© The Authors 2023
Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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