Euclid preparation

XXVII. A UV-NIR spectral atlas of compact planetary nebulae for wavelength calibration^★

¹ Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie, Königstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
e-mail: paterson@mpia.de
² University of Lyon, Univ. Claude-Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
³ AIM, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Université de Paris, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
⁴ Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France
⁵ Departamento de Astronomia, IAG, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 1226, 05509-900 São Paulo, Brazil
⁶ Instituto de Astrofísica de La Plata (CCT La Plata – CONICET – UNLP), B1900FWA, La Plata, Argentina
⁷ Dipartimento di Fisica “Aldo Pontremoli”, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
⁸ INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy
⁹ INFN-Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
¹⁰ Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Niels Bohrweg 2, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands
¹¹ Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
¹² Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
¹³ Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
¹⁴ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
¹⁵ Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada
¹⁶ INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy
¹⁷ NSF’s NOIR, Lab 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, Arizona 85719, USA
¹⁸ Caltech/IPAC, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
¹⁹ Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
²⁰ European Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
²¹ Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
²² Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Université, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
²³ CEA Saclay, DFR/IRFU, Service d’Astrophysique, Bat. 709, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
²⁴ Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France
²⁵ ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
²⁶ Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK
²⁷ INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy
²⁸ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
²⁹ INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
³⁰ Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
³¹ Universitäts-Sternwarte München, Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 München, Germany
³² INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese (TO), Italy
³³ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146 Genova, Italy
³⁴ INFN-Sezione di Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Roma, Italy
³⁵ Department of Physics “E. Pancini”, University Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy
³⁶ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, PT4150-762 Porto, Portugal
³⁷ Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
³⁸ INFN-Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy
³⁹ Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
⁴⁰ Port d’Informació Científica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain
⁴¹ Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
⁴² Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC), Carrer Gran Capitá 2–4, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
⁴³ INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy
⁴⁴ INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy
⁴⁵ INFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126 Napoli, Italy
⁴⁶ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi” - Alma Mater Studiorum Universitá di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy
⁴⁷ Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales – Centre spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
⁴⁸ Institut national de physique nucléaire et de physique des particules, 3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris Cedex 16, France
⁴⁹ Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
⁵⁰ Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
⁵¹ European Space Agency/ESRIN, Largo Galileo Galilei 1, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy
⁵² Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Observatoire de Sauverny, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland
⁵³ Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C8, Campo Grande, PT1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
⁵⁴ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
⁵⁵ INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy
⁵⁶ INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy
⁵⁷ Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, PO Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway
⁵⁸ Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA
⁵⁹ Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
⁶⁰ Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN), Rådmandsgade 62, 2200 København, Denmark
⁶¹ Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Cité, CEA, CNRS, Astrophysique, Instrumentation et Modélisation Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
⁶² Université de Genève, Département de Physique Théorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
⁶³ Department of Physics, PO Box 64, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
⁶⁴ Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
⁶⁵ NOVA optical infrared instrumentation group at ASTRON, Oude Hoogeveensedijk 4, 7991 PD Dwingeloo, The Netherlands
⁶⁶ Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Universität Bonn, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
⁶⁷ Department of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, DH1 3LE, UK
⁶⁸ Université Paris-Cité, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France
⁶⁹ Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
⁷⁰ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade 120, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
⁷¹ Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
⁷² Institute of Space Science, Strada Atomistilor 409, Măgurele 077125, Romania
⁷³ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “G.Galilei”, Universitá di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
⁷⁴ INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
⁷⁵ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universitá di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁷⁶ Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (IEEC-CSIC), Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans, s/n Cerdanyola del Vallés, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
⁷⁷ Centre for Electronic Imaging, Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
⁷⁸ Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Avenida Complutense 40, 28040 Madrid, Spain
⁷⁹ Instituto de Astrofísica e Ciências do Espaço, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal
⁸⁰ Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Departamento de Electrónica y Tecnología de Computadoras, 30202 Cartagena, Spain
⁸¹ Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planétologie (IRAP), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, CNES, 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
⁸² Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Calle Vía Láctea s/n, 38204, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
⁸³ INAF – Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy
⁸⁴ Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
⁸⁵ Junia, EPA department, 41 Bd Vauban, 59800 Lille, France
⁸⁶ Instituto de Física Teórica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
⁸⁷ CERCA/ISO, Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
⁸⁸ Laboratoire de Physique de l’École Normale Supérieure, ENS, Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France
⁸⁹ Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, LERMA, 750 Paris, France
⁹⁰ Astrophysics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
⁹¹ SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, Italy
⁹² IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy
⁹³ INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy
⁹⁴ Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Universitá degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
⁹⁵ Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
⁹⁶ NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
⁹⁷ INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁹⁸ INFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy
⁹⁹ Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice cedex 4, France
¹⁰⁰ Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology (TTK), RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
¹⁰¹ Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
¹⁰² Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, USA
¹⁰³ University of Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon, 4 rue Enrico Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
¹⁰⁴ INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy
¹⁰⁵ Department of Astronomy & Physics and Institute for Computational Astrophysics, Saint Mary’s University, 923 Robie Street, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 3C3, Canada
¹⁰⁶ University Observatory, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Scheinerstr. 1, 81679 Munich, Germany
¹⁰⁷ Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute (AIRUB), German Centre for Cosmological Lensing (GCCL), 44780 Bochum, Germany
¹⁰⁸ Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YB, UK
¹⁰⁹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vesilinnantie 5, 20014 University of Turku, Finland
¹¹⁰ Centre de Calcul de l’IN2P3/CNRS, 21 avenue Pierre de Coubertin 69627 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
¹¹¹ Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
¹¹² University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland, School of Engineering, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland
¹¹³ INFN-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2 - c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00185 Roma, Italy
¹¹⁴ Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France
¹¹⁵ Centro de Astrofísica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150–762 Porto, Portugal
¹¹⁶ Dipartimento di Fisica – Sezione di Astronomia, Universitá di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy
¹¹⁷ Institute for Computational Science, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
¹¹⁸ Université St Joseph; Faculty of Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
¹¹⁹ Institut für Theoretische Physik, University of Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany

Received: 24 February 2023
Accepted: 22 March 2023

Abstract

The Euclid mission will conduct an extragalactic survey over 15 000 deg² of the extragalactic sky. The spectroscopic channel of the Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) has a resolution of R ~ 450 for its blue and red grisms that collectively cover the 0.93–1.89 µm range. NISP will obtain spectroscopic redshifts for 3 × 10⁷ galaxies for the experiments on galaxy clustering, baryonic acoustic oscillations, and redshift space distortion. The wavelength calibration must be accurate within 5 Å to avoid systematics in the redshifts and downstream cosmological parameters. The NISP pre-flight dispersion laws for the grisms were obtained on the ground using a Fabry-Perot etalon. Launch vibrations, zero gravity conditions, and thermal stabilisation may alter these dispersion laws, requiring an in-flight recalibration. To this end, we use the emission lines in the spectra of compact planetary nebulae (PNe), which were selected from a PN database. To ensure completeness of the PN sample, we developed a novel technique to identify compact and strong line emitters in Gaia spectroscopic data using the Gaia spectra shape coefficients. We obtained VLT/X-shooter spectra from 0.3 to 2.5 µm for 19 PNe in excellent seeing conditions and a wide slit, mimicking Euclid’s slitless spectroscopy mode but with a ten times higher spectral resolution. Additional observations of one northern PN were obtained in the 0.80–1.90 µm range with the GMOS and GNIRS instruments at the Gemini North Observatory. The collected spectra were combined into an atlas of heliocentric vacuum wavelengths with a joint statistical and systematic accuracy of 0.1 Å in the optical and 0.3 Å in the near-infrared. The wavelength atlas and the related 1D and 2D spectra are made publicly available.