Correcting Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescope data with atmospheric profiles obtained with an elastic light detecting and ranging system

¹ Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Föhringer Ring 6, 80805 München, Germany
e-mail: fschmuck@mpp.mpg.de
² Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona and CERES-IEEC, Unitat de Física de les Radiacions, Edifici C3, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
e-mail: markus.gaug@uab.cat
³ Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), Edifici Cn, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
⁴ University of Rijeka, Department of Physics, R. Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
⁵ Universität Würzburg, Lehrstuhl für Astronomie, Campus Hubland Nord, Emil-Fischer-Straße 31, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
⁶ University of Lodz, Faculty of Physics and Applied Informatics, Department of Astrophysics, ul. Pomorska 149/153, 90-236 Łódź, Poland

Received: 23 December 2022
Accepted: 19 February 2023

Abstract

Context. We are operating an elastic light detecting and ranging system (LIDAR) for the monitoring of atmospheric conditions during regular observations of the MAGIC telescopes.

Aims. We present and evaluate methods for converting aerosol extinction profiles, obtained with the LIDAR, into corrections of the reconstructed gamma-ray event energy and instrument response functions of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes.

Methods. We assess the performance of these correction schemes with almost seven years of Crab Nebula data obtained with the MAGIC telescopes under various zenith angles and different aerosol extinction scenarios of Cherenkov light.

Results. The methods enable the reconstruction of data taken under nonoptimal atmospheric conditions with aerosol transmissions down to ~0.65 with systematic uncertainties comparable to those for data taken under optimal conditions. For the first time, the correction of data affected by clouds has been included in the assessment. The data can also be corrected when the transmission is lower than 0.65, but the results are less accurate and suffer from larger systematics.