Issue |
A&A
Volume 671, March 2023
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A50 | |
Number of page(s) | 17 | |
Section | Planets and planetary systems | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202245053 | |
Published online | 07 March 2023 |
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs
A long-period planet around GJ 1151 measured with CARMENES and HARPS-N data★
1
Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC),
Campus UAB, Carrer de Can Magrans s/n,
08193
Bellaterra, Spain
e-mail: blanco@ice.csic.es
2
Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC),
C/ Gran Capita 2–4,
08034
Barcelona, Spain
3
INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino,
Via Osservatorio 20,
10025
Pino Torinese, Italy
4
Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA,
ESAC Campus, Camino bajo del castillo s/n,
28692
Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
5
Max Planck Institut für Sonnensystemforschung (MPS),
Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 3,
37077
Göttingen, Germany
6
Department of Physics, University of Warwick,
Gibbet Hill Road,
Coventry
CV4 7AL, UK
7
Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg,
Königstuhl 12,
69117
Heidelberg, Germany
8
Institut für Astrophysik, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen,
Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1,
37077
Göttingen, Germany
9
Hamburger Sternwarte,
Gojenbergsweg 112,
21029
Hamburg, Germany
10
Thüringen Landessternwarte Tautenburg,
Sternwarte 5,
07778
Tautenburg, Germany
11
Kimmel Fellow, Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science,
Herzl St 234,
7610001
Rehovot, Israel
12
Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC),
Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n,
18008
Granada, Spain
13
School of Sciences, European University Cyprus,
Diogenes street, Engomi,
1516
Nicosia, Cyprus
14
Fundación Galileo Galilei-INAF,
Rambla José Ana Fernandez Pérez 7,
38712
Breña Baja, TF, Spain
15
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma,
Via Frascati 33,
00078
Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
16
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC),
C/ Vía Láctea,
38205
La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
17
Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL),
38206
La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
18
Centre for Astrophysics,
499-565 West Street,
Toowoomba, QLD,
4350, Australia
19
INAF – Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania,
Via Santa Sofia 78,
95123
Catania, Italy
20
Centro Astronómico Hispano en Andalucía (CAHA), Observatorio de Calar Alto, Sierra de los Filabres,
04550
Gérgal, Spain
21
Max Planck Institut für Astronomie (MPIA),
Königstuhl 17,
69117
Heidelberg, Germany
22
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari,
Via della Scienza 5,
09047
Selargius, Italy
23
Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica & IPARCOS-UCM (Instituto de Física de Partículas y del Cosmos de la UCM), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid,
Pl. de las Ciencias, 1,
28040
Madrid, Spain
24
Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA,
Carretera de Ajalvir km 4,
28850
Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid, Spain
Received:
24
September
2022
Accepted:
24
December
2022
Context. Detecting a planetary companion in a short-period orbit through radio emission from the interaction with its host star is a new prospect in exoplanet science. Recently, a tantalising signal was found close to the low-mass stellar system GJ 1151 using LOFAR observations.
Aims. We studied spectroscopic time-series data of GJ 1151 in order to search for planetary companions, investigate possible signatures of stellar magnetic activity, and to find possible explanations for the radio signal.
Methods. We used the combined radial velocities measured from spectra acquired with the CARMENES, HARPS-N, and HPF instruments, extracted activity indices from those spectra in order to mitigate the impact of stellar magnetic activity on the data, and performed a detailed analysis of Gaia astrometry and all available photometric time series coming from the MEarth and ASAS-SN surveys.
Results. We found a M > 10.6 M⊕ companion to GJ 1151 in a 390d orbit at a separation of 0.57 au. Evidence for a second modulation is also present; this could be due to long-term magnetic variability or a second (substellar) companion. The star shows episodes of elevated magnetic activity, one of which could be linked to the observed LOFAR radio emission. We show that it is highly unlikely that the detected GJ 1151 c, or any additional outer companion is the source of the detected signal. We cannot firmly rule out the suggested explanation of an undetected short-period planet that could be related to the radio emission, as we establish an upper limit of 1.2 M⊕ for the minimum mass.
Key words: stars: late-type / stars: individual: GJ 1151 / techniques: radial velocities / planets and satellites: detection / stars: activity
Tables C.1 and C.2 are only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr (130.79.128.5) or via https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/671/A50
© The Authors 2023
Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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