Using the polarization properties of double radio relics to probe the turbulent compression scenario^⋆

¹ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy
e-mail: chiara.stuardi2@unibo.it
² INAF – Istituto di Radioastronomia di Bologna, Via Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
³ Hamburger Sternwarte, Universität Hamburg, Gojenbergsweg 112, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
⁴ Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, PO Box 9513 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

Received: 3 June 2022
Accepted: 1 July 2022

Abstract

Context. Radio relics are megaparsec-sized synchrotron sources located in the outskirts of some merging galaxy clusters. Binary-merging systems with a favorable orientation may host two almost symmetric relics, named double radio relics.

Aims. Double radio relics are seen preferentially edge-on and, thus, constitute a privileged sample for statistical studies. Their polarization and Faraday rotation properties give direct access to the relics’ origin and magnetic fields.

Methods. In this paper, we present a polarization and rotation measure (RM) synthesis study of four clusters hosting double radio relics, namely 8C 0212+703, Abell 3365, and PLCK G287.0+32.9; previously missing polarization studies; and ZwCl 2341+0000, for which conflicting results have been reported. We used 1–2 GHz Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array observations. We also provide an updated compilation of known double radio relics with important observed quantities. We studied their polarization and Faraday rotation properties at 1.4 GHz and we searched for correlations between fractional polarization and physical resolution, the distance from the cluster center, and the shock Mach number.

Results. The weak correlations found between these quantities are well reproduced by state-of-the-art magneto-hydrodynamical simulations of radio relics, confirming that merger shock waves propagate in a turbulent medium with tangled magnetic fields. Both external and internal Faraday depolarization should play a fundamental role in determining the polarization properties of radio relics at 1.4 GHz. Although the number of double radio relics with RM information is still low, their Faraday rotation properties (i.e., rest-frame RM and RM dispersion below 40 rad m⁻² and non-Gaussian RM distribution) can be explained in the scenario in which shock waves with Mach numbers larger than 2.5 propagate along the plane of the sky and compress the turbulent intra-cluster medium.