Issue |
A&A
Volume 630, October 2019
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A50 | |
Number of page(s) | 17 | |
Section | Planets and planetary systems | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935733 | |
Published online | 23 September 2019 |
Combining high-contrast imaging and radial velocities to constrain the planetary architectures of nearby stars★,★★
1
Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics,
ETH Zurich,
8093
Zurich,
Switzerland
e-mail: boehlea@phys.ethz.ch
2
Observatoire Astronomique de l’Université de Genève,
51 Ch. des Maillettes,
1290
Versoix,
Switzerland
3
Department of Astronomy/Steward Observatory, The University of Arizona,
933 North Cherry Avenue,
Tucson,
AZ
85721,
USA
Received:
18
April
2019
Accepted:
2
July
2019
Context. Nearby stars are prime targets for exoplanet searches and characterization using a variety of detection techniques. Combining constraints from the complementary detection methods of high-contrast imaging (HCI) and radial velocity (RV) can further constrain the planetary architectures of these systems because these methods place limits at different regions of the companion mass and semi-major axis parameter space. Compiling a census of the planet population in the solar neighborhood is important to inform target lists for future space missions that will specifically target nearby stars to search for Earth analogs.
Aims. We aim to constrain the planetary architectures from the combination of HCI and RV data for six nearby stars within 6 pc: τ Ceti, Kapteyn’s star, AX Mic, 40 Eri, HD 36395, and HD 42581. We explored where HCI adds information to constraints from the long-term RV monitoring data for these stars.
Methods. We compiled the sample from stars with available archival VLT/NACO HCI data at L′ band (3.8 μm), where we expect substellar companions to be brighter for the typically older ages of nearby field stars (>1 Gyr). The NACO data were fully reanalyzed using the state-of-the-art direct imaging pipeline PynPoint and combined with RV data from HARPS, Keck/HIRES, and CORALIE. A Monte Carlo approach was used to assess the completeness in the companion mass and semi-major axis parameter space from the combination of the HCI and RV data sets.
Results. We find that the HCI data add significant information to the RV constraints, increasing the completeness for certain companions masses and semi-major axes by up to 68–99% for four of the six stars in our sample, and by up to 1–13% for the remaining stars. The improvements are strongest for intermediate semi-major axes (15–40 AU), corresponding to the semi-major axes of the ice giants in our own solar system. The HCI mass limits reach 5–20 MJup in the background-limited regime, depending on the age of the star.
Conclusions. Through the combination of HCI and RV data, we find that stringent constraints can be placed on the possible substellar companions in these systems. Applying these methods systematically to nearby stars will quantify our current knowledge of the planet population in the solar neighborhood and inform future observations.
Key words: techniques: high angular resolution / planets and satellites: general / infrared: planetary systems / solar neighborhood / techniques: radial velocities
RV used for Fig. 3 is only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/630/A50
Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory, Chile ESO No. 082.C-0518 and 084.C-0656.
National Center of Competence in Research “PlanetS” (https://nccr-planets.ch).
© ESO 2019
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