Investigation of the WR 11 field at decimeter wavelengths^★,★★

¹ Instituto Argentino de Radioastronomia, CONICET & CICPBA, CC5 (1897) Villa Elisa, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
e-mail: paula@iar-conicet.gov.ar
² Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas, UNLP, Paseo del Bosque s/n, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
³ National Centre for Radio Astrophysics (NCRA-TIFR), Pune 411 007, India
⁴ Space sciences, Technologies and Astrophysics Research (STAR) Institute, University of Liège, Quartier Agora, 19c, Allée du 6 Août, B5c, 4000 Sart Tilman, Belgium

Received: 23 December 2018
Accepted: 21 March 2019

Abstract

The massive binary system WR 11 (γ²-Velorum) has recently been proposed as the counterpart of a Fermi source. If this association is correct, this system would be the second colliding wind binary detected in GeV γ-rays. However, the reported flux measurements from 1.4 to 8.64 GHz fail to establish the presence of nonthermal (synchrotron) emission from this source. Moreover, WR 11 is not the only radio source within the Fermi detection box. Other possible counterparts have been identified in archival data, some of which present strong nonthermal radio emission. We conducted arcsec-resolution observations toward WR 11 at very low frequencies (150–1400 MHz) where the nonthermal emission – if existent and not absorbed – is expected to dominate. We present a catalog of more than 400 radio emitters, among which a significant portion are detected at more than one frequency, including limited spectral index information. Twenty-one of these radio emitters are located within the Fermi significant emission. A search for counterparts for this last group pointed at MOST 0808–471; this source is 2′ away from WR 11 and is a promising candidate for high-energy emission, having a resolved structure along 325–1390 MHz. For this source, we reprocessed archive interferometric data up to 22.3 GHz and obtained a nonthermal radio spectral index of − 0.97 ± 0.09. However, multiwavelength observations of this source are required to establish its nature and to assess whether it can produce (part of) the observed γ-rays. WR 11 spectrum follows a spectral index of 0.74 ± 0.03 from 150 to 230 GHz, consistent with thermal emission. We interpret that any putative synchrotron radiation from the colliding-wind region of this relatively short-period system is absorbed in the photospheres of the individual components. Notwithstanding, the new radio data allowed us to derive a mass-loss rate of 2.5 × 10⁻⁵ M_⊙ yr⁻¹, which, according to the latest models for γ-ray emission in WR 11, would suffice to provide the required kinetic power to feed nonthermal radiation processes.