Issue |
A&A
Volume 607, November 2017
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A115 | |
Number of page(s) | 22 | |
Section | Extragalactic astronomy | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201730620 | |
Published online | 24 November 2017 |
Multiwavelength follow-up of a rare IceCube neutrino multiplet
1 III. Physikalisches Institut, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany
2 Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
3 Dept of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
4 Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Amado, AZ 85645, USA
5 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
6 Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alaska Anchorage, 3211 Providence Dr., Anchorage, AK 99508, USA
7 CTSPS, Clark-Atlanta University, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA
8 School of Physics and Center for Relativistic Astrophysics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
9 Dept. of Physics, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
10 Department of Physics and Center for Astrophysics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
11 Dept. of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
12 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
13 Institut für Physik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
14 Fakultät für Physik & Astronomie, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
15 Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 12, 53115 Bonn, Germany
16 Université Libre de Bruxelles, Science Faculty CP230, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
17 Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Dienst ELEM, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
18 Dept. of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
19 Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
20 Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
21 Instituto de Geofísica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
22 Centro de Investigación en Computación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City, Mexico
23 Physics Department, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
24 Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
25 Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
26 Dept. of Physics and Institute for Global Prominent Research, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
27 Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
28 Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand
29 Dept. of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
30 Dept. of Physics and Center for Cosmology and Astro-Particle Physics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
31 Dept. of Astronomy, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
32 Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
33 Department of Physical Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Bishopstown, Cork, Ireland
34 Department of Physics, University of California, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616-5270, USA
35 Dept. of Physics, TU Dortmund University, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
36 School of Physics, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
37 Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
38 Dept. of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E1, Canada
39 Einstein Fellow
40 Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
41 School of Physics, Astronomy, and Computational Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
42 School of Physics, National University ofIreland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
43 Département de physique nucléaire et corpusculaire, Université de Genève, 1211 Genève, Switzerland
44 Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Gent, 9000 Gent, Belgium
45 Las Cumbres Observatory, 6740 Cortona Dr, Ste 102, Goleta, CA 93117-5575, USA
46 Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC), Glorieta de la Astronomía s/n, 18008 Granada, Spain
47 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Road, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
48 Department of Physics and Astronomy, DePauw University, Greencastle, IN 46135-0037, USA
49 Departamento de Física, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactase Ingenierias, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
50 Department of Physics, California State University – East Bay, Hayward, CA 94542, USA
51 Max-Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
52 Universidad Politecnica de Pachuca, Pachuca, Hgo, Mexico
53 Department of Physics, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA
54 Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
55 Hubble and Carnegie-Princeton Fellow
56 NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Astrophysics Office, Huntsville, AL 35812, USA
57 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Van Allen Hall, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
58 Institute of Applied Physics, Irkutsk State University 20, Gagarin Blvd, Irkutsk, 664003, Russia
59 Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
60 Kislovodsk Solar Station of Main Pulkovo Observatory, PO Box 45, ul. Gagarina 100, Kislovodsk 357700, Russia
61 Instytut Fizyki Jadrowej im Henryka Niewodniczanskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk, IFJ-PAN, 31-342 Krakow, Poland
62 Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
63 University of Leicester, X-ray and Observational Astronomy Research Group, Leicester Institute for Space and Earth Observation, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, University Road, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK
64 Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
65 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
66 Dept. of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
67 Dept. of Physics and Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
68 Institute of Physics, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 7, 55099 Mainz, Germany
69 Department of Physics, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53201, USA
70 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
71 Université de Mons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
72 Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2T8, Canada
73 Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
74 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Physics Department, Leninskie gory, GSP-1, Moscow 119991, Russia
75 Lomonosov Moscow State University, Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Universitetsky Prospekt 13, Moscow 119192, Russia
76 Physik-department, Technische Universität München, 85748 Garching, Germany
77 Institut für Kernphysik, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
78 Bartol Research Institute and Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
79 Dept. of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
80 Physics Department, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
81 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Barnard College, Columbia University, NY 10027, USA
82 Dept. of Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3NP, UK
83 Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico
84 Carnegie Observatories, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
85 Cahill Center for Astronomy and Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
86 Dept. of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
87 Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
88 Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
89 Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
90 Physics Department, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD 57701, USA
91 Department of Particle Physics & Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
92 Dept. of Physics, University of Wisconsin, River Falls, WI 54022, USA
93 Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
94 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
95 Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9530, USA
96 Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-4030, USA
97 Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of California, SantaCruz, CA 95064, USA
98 Nucleo de Astronomia de la Facultad de Ingenieria, Universidad Diego Portales, Av. Ejercito 441, Santiago, Chile
99 Millennium Institute of Astrophysics, Santiago, Chile
100 Department of Physics, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA
101 Oskar Klein Centre and Dept. of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
102 Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3800, USA
103 Dept. of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea
104 Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg, Sternwarte 5, 07778 Tautenburg, Germany
105 Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Observatorio del Teide C/via Lactea, s/n, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
106 Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
107 Dept. of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
108 Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA
109 Dept. of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pennsylvania State, University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
110 Dept. of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
111 Center for Particle & Gravitational Astrophysics, Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
112 Center for Theoretical & Observational Cosmology, Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
113 Dept. of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 75120 Uppsala, Sweden
114 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
115 Dept. of Physics, University of Wuppertal, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
116 DESY, 15735 Zeuthen, Germany
⋆
Corresponding author: N. L. Strotjohann, e-mail: nora.linn.strotjohann@desy.de
Received: 14 February 2017
Accepted: 30 July 2017
On February 17, 2016, the IceCube real-time neutrino search identified, for the first time, three muon neutrino candidates arriving within 100 s of one another, consistent with coming from the same point in the sky. Such a triplet is expected once every 13.7 years as a random coincidence of background events. However, considering the lifetime of the follow-up program the probability of detecting at least one triplet from atmospheric background is 32%. Follow-up observatories were notified in order to search for an electromagnetic counterpart. Observations were obtained by Swift’s X-ray telescope, by ASAS-SN, LCO and MASTER at optical wavelengths, and by VERITAS in the very-high-energy gamma-ray regime. Moreover, the Swift BAT serendipitously observed the location 100 s after the first neutrino was detected, and data from the Fermi LAT and HAWC observatory were analyzed. We present details of the neutrino triplet and the follow-up observations. No likely electromagnetic counterpart was detected, and we discuss the implications of these constraints on candidate neutrino sources such as gamma-ray bursts, core-collapse supernovae and active galactic nucleus flares. This study illustrates the potential of and challenges for future follow-up campaigns.
Key words: astroparticle physics / neutrinos / gamma-ray burst: general / supernovae: general / galaxies: active / X-rays: bursts
© ESO, 2017
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