Issue |
A&A
Volume 594, October 2016
Planck 2015 results
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A28 | |
Number of page(s) | 28 | |
Section | Catalogs and data | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525819 | |
Published online | 20 September 2016 |
Planck 2015 results
XXVIII. The Planck Catalogue of Galactic cold clumps
1 APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
2 African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, 6−8 Melrose Road, Muizenberg, Cape Town, South Africa
3 Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Science Data Center, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy
4 Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, LAM (Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille) UMR 7326, 13388 Marseille, France
5 Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
6 Astrophysics & Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics, Statistics & Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Private Bag X54001, 4000 Durban, South Africa
7 CITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
8 CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
9 CRANN, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
10 California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
11 Centre for Theoretical Cosmology, DAMTP, University of Cambridge, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK
12 Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón (CEFCA), Plaza San Juan, 1, planta 2, 44001 Teruel, Spain
13 Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
14 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
15 DSM/Irfu/SPP, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
16 DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
17 Département de Physique Théorique, Université de Genève, 24 quai E. Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
18 Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, Avda. Calvo Sotelo s/n, Oviedo, Spain
19 Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
20 Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
21 Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
22 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dana and David Dornsife College of Letter, Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
23 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
24 Department of Physics, Florida State University, Keen Physics Building, 77 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
25 Department of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, 00100 Helsinki, Finland
26 Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 00185, USA
27 Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
28 Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, USA
29 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
30 Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di Ferrara, via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
31 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 2, Roma, Italy
32 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria, 16 Milano, Italy
33 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via A. Valerio 2 Trieste, Italy
34 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 Roma, Italy
35 Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 Roma, Italy
36 Discovery Center, Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17 Copenhagen, Denmark
37 Dpto. Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
38 European Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, 28692 Madrid, Spain
39 European Space Agency, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
40 Facoltà di Ingegneria, Università degli Studi e-Campus, via Isimbardi 10, 22060 Novedrate (CO), Italy
41 Gran Sasso Science Institute, INFN, viale F. Crispi 7, 67100 L’ Aquila, Italy
42 HGSFP and University of Heidelberg, Theoretical Physics Department, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
43 Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
44 INAF−Osservatorio Astrofisico di Catania, via S. Sofia 78 Catania, Italy
45 INAF−Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5 Padova, Italy
46 INAF−Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via di Frascati 33 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
47 INAF−Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, Italy
48 INAF/IASF Bologna, via Gobetti, 101 Bologna, Italy
49 INAF/IASF Milano, via E. Bassini, 15 Milano, Italy
50 INFN, Sezione di Bologna, via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy
51 INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, Università di Roma Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
52 INFN, Sezione di Roma 2, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica, 1 Roma, Italy
53 INFN/National Institute for Nuclear Physics, via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste, Italy
54 IPAG: Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Université Grenoble Alpes, IPAG; CNRS, IPAG, 38000 Grenoble, France
55 IUCAA, Post Bag 4, Ganeshkhind, Pune University Campus, 411 007 Pune, India
56 Imperial College London, Astrophysics group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
57 Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
58 Institut Néel, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, 25 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
59 Institut Universitaire de France, 103 bd Saint-Michel, 75005 Paris, France
60 Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR 8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, Orsay, France
61 Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR 7095), 98bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
62 Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
63 Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0371 Oslo, Norway
64 Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/Vía Láctea s/n, La Laguna, 38205 Tenerife, Spain
65 Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain
66 Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
67 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
68 Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
69 Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK
70 LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
71 LAPTh, Univ. de Savoie, CNRS, BP 110, 74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
72 LERMA, CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, 61 avenue de l’Observatoire, Paris, France
73 Laboratoire AIM, IRFU/Service d’Astrophysique − CEA/DSM − CNRS − Université Paris Diderot, Bât. 709, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
74 Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et Cosmologie, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 53 rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
75 Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Université Paris-Sud 11 and CNRS, Bâtiment 210, 91405 Orsay, France
76 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
77 Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Astro Space Centre, 84/32 Profsoyuznaya st., Moscow, 117997 GSP-7, Russia
78 Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, Germany
79 McGill Physics, Ernest Rutherford Physics Building, McGill University, 3600 rue University, Montréal, QC, H3A 2T8, Canada
80 National University of Ireland, Department of Experimental Physics, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
81 Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark
82 Optical Science Laboratory, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
83 SB-ITP-LPPC, EPFL, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
84 SISSA, Astrophysics Sector, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
85 School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
86 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
87 Sorbonne Université-UPMC, UMR7095, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
88 Space Research Institute (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya Str, 84/32, 117997 Moscow, Russia
89 Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
90 Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnij Arkhyz, Zelenchukskiy region, 369167 Karachai-Cherkessian Republic, Russia
91 Sub-Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK
92 Theory Division, PH-TH, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
93 UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7095, 98bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
94 Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
95 Universities Space Research Association, Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, MS 232-11, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
96 University of Granada, Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Facultad de Ciencias, 18071 Granada, Spain
97 University of Granada, Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, Granada, Spain
98 Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland
Received: 5 February 2015
Accepted: 16 August 2015
We present the Planck Catalogue of Galactic Cold Clumps (PGCC), an all-sky catalogue of Galactic cold clump candidates detected by Planck. This catalogue is the full version of the Early Cold Core (ECC) catalogue, which was made available in 2011 with the Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC) and which contained 915 high signal-to-noise sources. It is based on the Planck 48-month mission data that are currently being released to the astronomical community. The PGCC catalogue is an observational catalogue consisting exclusively of Galactic cold sources. The three highest Planck bands (857, 454, and 353 GHz) have been combined with IRAS data at 3 THz to perform a multi-frequency detection of sources colder than their local environment. After rejection of possible extragalactic contaminants, the PGCC catalogue contains 13188 Galactic sources spread across the whole sky, i.e., from the Galactic plane to high latitudes, following the spatial distribution of the main molecular cloud complexes. The median temperature of PGCC sources lies between 13 and 14.5 K, depending on the quality of the flux density measurements, with a temperature ranging from 5.8 to 20 K after removing the sources with the top 1% highest temperature estimates. Using seven independent methods, reliable distance estimates have been obtained for 5574 sources, which allows us to derive their physical properties such as their mass, physical size, mean density, and luminosity.The PGCC sources are located mainly in the solar neighbourhood, but also up to a distance of 10.5 kpc in the direction of the Galactic centre, and range from low-mass cores to large molecular clouds. Because of this diversity and because the PGCC catalogue contains sources in very different environments, the catalogue is useful for investigating the evolution from molecular clouds to cores. Finally, it also includes 54 additional sources located in the Small and Large Magellanic Clouds.
Key words: ISM: clouds / ISM: structure / local insterstellar matter / stars: formation
© ESO, 2016
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