Issue |
A&A
Volume 592, August 2016
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A24 | |
Number of page(s) | 10 | |
Section | Stellar structure and evolution | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201527690 | |
Published online | 06 July 2016 |
Surface-effect corrections for the solar model
1 Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
e-mail: magic@nbi.dk
2 Centre for Star and Planet Formation, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Øster Voldgade 5−7, 1350 Copenhagen, Denmark
3 Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, Germany
Received: 3 November 2015
Accepted: 24 May 2016
Context. Solar p-mode oscillations exhibit a systematic offset towards higher frequencies due to shortcomings in the 1D stellar structure models, in particular, the lack of turbulent pressure in the superadiabatic layers just below the optical surface, arising from the convective velocity field.
Aims. We study the influence of the turbulent expansion, chemical composition, and magnetic fields on the stratification in the upper layers of the solar models in comparison with solar observations. Furthermore, we test alternative ⟨3D⟩ averages for improved results on the oscillation frequencies.
Methods. We appended temporally and spatially averaged ⟨3D⟩ stratifications to 1D models to compute adiabatic oscillation frequencies that we then tested against solar observations. We also developed depth-dependent corrections for the solar 1D model, for which we expanded the geometrical depth to match the pressure stratification of the solar ⟨3D⟩ model, and we reduced the density that is caused by the turbulent pressure.
Results. We obtain the same results with our ⟨3D⟩ models as have been reported previously. Our depth-dependent corrected 1D models match the observations to almost a similar extent as the ⟨3D⟩ model. We find that correcting for the expansion of the geometrical depth and the reducing of the density are both equally necessary. Interestingly, the influence of the adiabatic exponent Γ1 is less pronounced than anticipated. The turbulent elevation directly from the ⟨3D⟩ model does not match the observations properly. Considering different reference depth scales for the ⟨3D⟩ averaging leads to very similar frequencies. Solar models with high metal abundances in their initial chemical composition match the low-frequency part much better. We find a linear relation between the p-mode frequency shift and the vertical magnetic field strength with δvnl = 26.21Bz [μHz/kG], which is able to render the solar activity cycles correctly.
Key words: convection / hydrodynamics / Sun: helioseismology / Sun: activity / Sun: magnetic fields / Sun: oscillations
© ESO, 2016
Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.
Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.
Initial download of the metrics may take a while.