Issue |
A&A
Volume 571, November 2014
Planck 2013 results
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A25 | |
Number of page(s) | 21 | |
Section | Cosmology (including clusters of galaxies) | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201321621 | |
Published online | 29 October 2014 |
Planck 2013 results. XXV. Searches for cosmic strings and other topological defects
1
APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot,
CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie
Duquet, 75205
Paris Cedex 13,
France
2
Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory,
Metsähovintie 114, 02540
Kylmälä,
Finland
3
African Institute for Mathematical Sciences,
6-8 Melrose Road, Muizenberg,
7701
Rondebosch Cape Town, South
Africa
4
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Science Data Center,
c/o ESRIN, via Galileo Galilei,
00044
Frascati,
Italy
5
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Viale Liegi 26, 00198
Roma,
Italy
6
Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of
Cambridge, J J Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge
CB3 0HE,
UK
7
Astrophysics & Cosmology Research Unit, School of Mathematics,
Statistics & Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal,
Westville Campus, Private Bag
X54001, 4000
Durban, South
Africa
8
CITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, ON
M5S 3H8,
Canada
9
CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av.
colonel Roche, BP
44346, 31028
Toulouse Cedex 4,
France
10
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
11
Centre for Theoretical Cosmology, DAMTP, University of
Cambridge, Wilberforce
Road, Cambridge
CB3 0WA
UK
12
Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón
(CEFCA), Plaza San Juan 1, planta
2, 44001
Teruel,
Spain
13
Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley,
California,
USA
14
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
(CSIC), Madrid,
Spain
15
DSM/Irfu/SPP, CEA-Saclay, 91191
Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex,
France
16
DTU Space, National Space Institute, Technical University of
Denmark, Elektrovej
327, 2800
Kgs. Lyngby,
Denmark
17
Département de Physique Théorique, Université de
Genève, 24 Quai E.
Ansermet, 1211
Genève 4,
Switzerland
18
Departamento de Física Fundamental, Facultad de Ciencias,
Universidad de Salamanca, 37008
Salamanca,
Spain
19
Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo,
Avda. Calvo Sotelo s/n,
33007
Oviedo,
Spain
20
Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of
Toronto, 50 Saint George Street,
Toronto, Ontario,
Canada
21
Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University
Nijmegen, PO Box
9010, 6500 GL
Nijmegen, The
Netherlands
22
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences,
University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
23
Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British
Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road,
Vancouver, British
Columbia, Canada
24
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Dana and David Dornsife College
of Letter, Arts andSciences, University of Southern California,
Los Angeles, CA
90089,
USA
25
Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, London
WC1E 6BT,
UK
26
Department of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of
Helsinki, Helsinki,
Finland
27
Department of Physics, Princeton University,
Princeton, New Jersey, USA
28
Department of Physics, University of California,
One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, USA
29
Department of Physics, University of California,
Santa Barbara, California, USA
30
Department of Physics, University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green
Street, Urbana,
Illinois,
USA
31
Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università degli
Studi di Padova, via Marzolo
8, 35131
Padova,
Italy
32
Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Università di
Ferrara, via Saragat
1, 44122
Ferrara,
Italy
33
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza,
P.le A. Moro 2, 00185
Roma,
Italy
34
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di
Milano, via Celoria,
16, 20133
Milano,
Italy
35
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di
Trieste, via A. Valerio
2, 34127
Trieste,
Italy
36
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor
Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica
1, 00133
Roma,
Italy
37
Discovery Center, Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100
Copenhagen,
Denmark
38
Dpto. Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL),
38206, La Laguna, Tenerife,
Spain
39
European Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office,
Camino bajo del Castillo s/n, Urbanización
Villafranca del Castillo, 28691 Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
40
European Space Agency, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ
Noordwijk, The
Netherlands
41
Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University
of Helsinki, 00014
Helsinki,
Finland
42
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova,
Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5,
35122
Padova,
Italy
43
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma,
via di Frascati 33, 00040
Monte Porzio Catone,
Italy
44
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste,
via G.B. Tiepolo 11, 34131
Trieste,
Italy
45
INAF/IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, 40129
Bologna,
Italy
46
INAF/IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, 20133
Milano,
Italy
47
INFN, Sezione di Bologna, via Irnerio 46, 40126
Bologna,
Italy
48
INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, Università di Roma Sapienza,
Piazzale Aldo Moro 2,
00185
Roma,
Italy
49
IPAG: Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble,
Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble
1/CNRS-INSU, UMR 5274, 38041
Grenoble,
France
50
IUCAA, Post Bag 4, Ganeshkhind, Pune University
Campus, 411 007
Pune,
India
51
Imperial College London, Astrophysics group, Blackett
Laboratory, Prince Consort
Road, London,
SW7 2AZ,
UK
52
Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of
Technology, Pasadena,
CA
91125,
USA
53
Institut Néel, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble
I, 25 rue des
Martyrs, 38042
Grenoble,
France
54
Institut Universitaire de France, 103 Bd Saint-Michel, 75005
Paris,
France
55
Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR8617) Université
Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment
121, 91405
Orsay,
France
56
Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095),
98bis Bd Arago, 75014
Paris,
France
57
Institute for Space Sciences, 077125
Bucharest-Magurale,
Romania
58
Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia
Sinica, 10617
Taipei,
Taiwan
59
Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge,
Madingley Road, Cambridge
CB3 0HA,
UK
60
Institute of Mathematics and Physics, Centre for Cosmology, Particle
Physics and Phenomenology, 1348 Louvain University, Louvain-la-Neuve,
Belgium
61
Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of
Oslo, Blindern,
0315
Oslo,
Norway
62
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/Vía Láctea s/n, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
63
Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de
Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros
s/n, 39005
Santander,
Spain
64
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of
Technology, 4800 Oak Grove
Drive, Pasadena,
California,
USA
65
Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School
of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13
9PL, UK
66
Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge,
Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK
67
LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, 91898
Orsay,
France
68
LERMA, CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, 61 Avenue de l’Observatoire, 75014
Paris,
France
69
Laboratoire AIM,IRFU/Service d’Astrophysique - CEA/DSM - CNRS -
Université Paris Diderot, Bât. 709,
CEA-Saclay, 91191
Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex,
France
70
Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l’Information, CNRS (UMR
5141) and Télécom ParisTech, 46 rue
Barrault, 75634
Paris Cedex 13,
France
71
Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université
Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut National Polytechnique de
Grenoble, 53 rue des
Martyrs, 38026
Grenoble Cedex,
France
72
Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Université Paris-Sud 11 &
CNRS, Bâtiment 210,
91405
Orsay,
France
73
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
74
Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741
Garching,
Germany
75
Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik,
Giessenbachstraße, 85748
Garching,
Germany
76
McGill Physics, Ernest Rutherford Physics Building, McGill
University, 3600 rue
University, Montréal,
QC, H3A 2T8, Canada
77
MilliLab, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland,
Tietotie 3, 02044
Espoo,
Finland
78
Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100
Copenhagen,
Denmark
79
Observational Cosmology, Mail Stop 367-17, California Institute of
Technology, Pasadena,
CA, 91125, USA
80
Optical Science Laboratory, University College London,
Gower Street, London, UK
81
SB-ITP-LPPC, EPFL, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
82
SISSA, Astrophysics Sector, via Bonomea 265, 34136, Trieste, Italy
83
School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University,
Queens Buildings, The Parade,
Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
84
School of Physics and Astronomy, University of
Nottingham, Nottingham
NG7 2RD,
UK
85
Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California,
Berkeley, California, USA
86
Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of
Sciences, Nizhnij Arkhyz,
Zelenchukskiy region, 369167
Karachai-Cherkessian Republic,
Russia
87
Stanford University, Dept of Physics, Varian Physics
Bldg, 382 via Pueblo
Mall, Stanford,
California,
USA
88
Sub-Department of Astrophysics, University of Oxford,
Keble Road, Oxford
OX1 3RH,
UK
89
Theory Division, PH-TH, CERN, 1211
Geneva 23,
Switzerland
90
UPMC Univ. Paris 06, UMR7095, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014
Paris,
France
91
Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028
Toulouse Cedex 4,
France
92
University of Granada, Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos,
Facultad de Ciencias, 1807
Granada,
Spain
93
University of Miami, Knight Physics Building,
1320 Campo Sano Dr., Coral Gables, Florida, USA
94
Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478
Warszawa,
Poland
Received:
1
April
2013
Accepted:
23
January
2014
Planck data have been used to provide stringent new constraints on cosmic strings and other defects. We describe forecasts of the CMB power spectrum induced by cosmic strings, calculating these from network models and simulations using line-of-sight Boltzmann solvers. We have studied Nambu-Goto cosmic strings, as well as field theory strings for which radiative effects are important, thus spanning the range of theoretical uncertainty in the underlying strings models. We have added the angular power spectrum from strings to that for a simple adiabatic model, with the extra fraction defined as f10 at multipole ℓ = 10. This parameter has been added to the standard six parameter fit using COSMOMC with flat priors. For the Nambu-Goto string model, we have obtained a constraint on the string tension of Gμ/c2 < 1.5 × 10-7 and f10 < 0.015 at 95% confidence that can be improved to Gμ/c2 < 1.3 × 10-7 and f10 < 0.010 on inclusion of high-ℓ CMB data. For the Abelian-Higgs field theory model we find, GμAH/c2< 3.2 × 10-7 and f10 < 0.028. The marginalised likelihoods for f10 and in the f10–Ωbh2 plane are also presented. We have additionally obtained comparable constraints on f10 for models with semilocal strings and global textures. In terms of the effective defect energy scale these are somewhat weaker at Gμ/c2 < 1.1 × 10-6. We have made complementarity searches for the specific non-Gaussian signatures of cosmic strings, calibrating with all-sky Planck resolution CMB maps generated from networks of post-recombination strings. We have validated our non-Gaussian searches using these simulated maps in a Planck-realistic context, estimating sensitivities of up to ΔGμ/c2 ≈ 4 × 10-7. We have obtained upper limits on the string tension at 95% confidence of Gμ/c2 < 9.0 × 10-7 with modal bispectrum estimation and Gμ/c2 < 7.8 × 10-7 for real space searches with Minkowski functionals. These are conservative upper bounds because only post-recombination string contributions have been included in the non-Gaussian analysis.
Key words: cosmic background radiation / cosmological parameters / early Universe / large-scale structure of Universe / cosmology: theory / cosmology: observations
© ESO, 2014
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