Issue |
A&A
Volume 566, June 2014
|
|
---|---|---|
Article Number | A116 | |
Number of page(s) | 23 | |
Section | Stellar atmospheres | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201423498 | |
Published online | 25 June 2014 |
On helium-dominated stellar evolution: the mysterious role of the O(He)-type stars⋆,⋆⋆
1
Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Kepler Center for Astro and
Particle Physics, Eberhard Karls University, Sand 1, 72076
Tübingen, Germany
e-mail: reindl@astro.uni-tuebingen.de
2
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD
20771,
USA
3
Institute for Physics and Astronomy, University of
Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str.
24/25, 14476
Potsdam,
Germany
Received: 23 January 2014
Accepted: 28 April 2014
Context. About a quarter of all post-asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars are hydrogen-deficient. Stellar evolutionary models explain the carbon-dominated H-deficient stars by a (very) late thermal pulse scenario where the hydrogen-rich envelope is mixed with the helium-rich intershell layer. Depending on the particular time at which the final flash occurs, the entire hydrogen envelope may be burned. In contrast, helium-dominated post-AGB stars and their evolution are not yet understood.
Aims. A small group of very hot, helium-dominated stars is formed by O(He)-type stars. A precise analysis of their photospheric abundances will establish constraints to their evolution.
Methods. We performed a detailed spectral analysis of ultraviolet and optical spectra of four O(He) stars by means of state-of-the-art non-LTE model-atmosphere techniques.
Results. We determined effective temperatures, surface gravities, and the abundances of H, He, C, N, O, F, Ne, Si, P, S, Ar, and Fe. By deriving upper limits for the mass-loss rates of the O(He) stars, we found that they do not exhibit enhanced mass-loss. The comparison with evolutionary models shows that the status of the O(He) stars remains uncertain. Their abundances match predictions of a double helium white dwarf (WD) merger scenario, suggesting that they might be the progeny of the compact and of the luminous helium-rich sdO-type stars. The existence of planetary nebulae that do not show helium enrichment around every other O(He) star precludes a merger origin for these stars. These stars must have formed in a different way, for instance via enhanced mass-loss during their post-AGB evolution or a merger within a common-envelope (CE) of a CO-WD and a red giant or AGB star.
Conclusions. A helium-dominated stellar evolutionary sequence exists that may be fed by different types of mergers or CE scenarios. It appears likely that all these pass through the O(He) phase just before they become WDs.
Key words: stars: AGB and post-AGB / stars: evolution / stars: fundamental parameters / stars: abundances
Based on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS5-26666. Based on observations made with the NASA-CNES-CSA Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer. Based on observations made with ESO Telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme IDs 091.D-0663, 090.D-0626.
Figures 1−12, 21−23 and Table 1 are available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org
© ESO, 2014
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