Planck intermediate results

I. Further validation of new Planck clusters with XMM-Newton

¹ APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/lrfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 10 rue Alice Domon et Léonie Duquet, 75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
² Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Metsähovintie 114, 02540 Kylmälä, Finland
³ Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Science Data Center, c/o ESRIN, via Galileo Galilei, Frascati, Italy
⁴ Argelander-Institut für Astronomie, Auf dem Hügel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany
⁵ Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
⁶ Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, ALMA Santiago Central Offices, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 763 0355 Santiago, Chile
⁷ CITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
⁸ CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. Colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
⁹ California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
¹⁰ Centre of Mathematics for Applications, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
¹¹ Centro de Astrofísica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal
¹² Centro de Estudios de Física del Cosmos de Aragón (CEFCA), Plaza San Juan 1, planta 2, 44001 Teruel, Spain
¹³ Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
¹⁴ Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
¹⁵ DSM/Irfu/SPP, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
¹⁶ DTU Space, National Space Institute, Juliane Mariesvej 30, Copenhagen, Denmark
¹⁷ Departamento de Física Fundamental, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain
¹⁸ Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, Avda. Calvo Sotelo s/n, Oviedo, Spain
¹⁹ Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
²⁰ Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
²¹ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
²² Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QH, UK
²³ Department of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a,University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
²⁴ Department of Physics, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
²⁵ Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
²⁶ Department of Physics, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, USA
²⁷ Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
²⁸ Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, USA
²⁹ Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia G. Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
³⁰ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, P. le A. Moro 2, Roma, Italy
³¹ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, Milano, Italy
³² Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, Trieste, Italy
³³ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Ferrara, via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
³⁴ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Roma, Italy
³⁵ Dipartimento di Matematica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Roma, Italy
³⁶ Discovery Center, Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark
³⁷ Dpto. Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
³⁸ European Southern Observatory, ESO Vitacura, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago, Chile
³⁹ European Space Agency, ESAC, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
⁴⁰ European Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
⁴¹ European Space Agency, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
⁴² Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
⁴³ INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, Padova, Italy
⁴⁴ INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via di Frascati 33, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
⁴⁵ INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, Italy
⁴⁶ INAF Istituto di Radioastronomia, via P. Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy
⁴⁷ INAF/IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy
⁴⁸ INAF/IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, Milano, Italy
⁴⁹ INFN, Sezione di Roma 1, Universit‘a di Roma Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy
⁵⁰ INRIA, Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique, Université Paris-Sud 11, Bât. 490, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
⁵¹ IPAG: Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble 1 / CNRS-INSU, UMR 5274, 38041 Grenoble, France
⁵² Imperial College London, Astrophysics group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
⁵³ Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
⁵⁴ Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bât. 121, 91405 Orsay, France
⁵⁵ Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS (UMR7095), 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
⁵⁶ Institut de Ciències de l’Espai, CSIC/IEEC, Facultat de Ciències, Campus UAB, Torre C5 par-2, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
⁵⁷ Institute for Space Sciences, Bucharest-Magurale, Romania
⁵⁸ Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
⁵⁹ Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
⁶⁰ Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
⁶¹ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/Vía Láctea s/n, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
⁶² Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain
⁶³ Istituto di Fisica del Plasma, CNR-ENEA-EURATOM Association, via R. Cozzi 53, Milano, Italy
⁶⁴ Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
⁶⁵ Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
⁶⁶ Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK
⁶⁷ LAL,Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
⁶⁸ LERMA, CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, 61 avenue de l’Observatoire, Paris, France
⁶⁹ Laboratoire AIM, IRFU/Service d’Astrophysique – CEA/DSM – CNRS – Université Paris Diderot, Bât. 709, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
e-mail: monique.arnaud@cea.fr
⁷⁰ Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l’Information, CNRS (UMR 5141) and Télécom ParisTech, 46 rue Barrault, 75634 Paris Cedex 13, France
⁷¹ Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, CNRS/IN2P3, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, 53 rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
⁷² Laboratoire de Physique Théorique, Université Paris-Sud 11 & CNRS, Bâtiment 210, 91405 Orsay, France
⁷³ Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
⁷⁴ Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, Germany
⁷⁵ Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstraße, 85748 Garching, Germany
⁷⁶ Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark
⁷⁷ Observational Cosmology, Mail Stop 367-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
⁷⁸ Optical Science Laboratory, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
⁷⁹ SISSA, Astrophysics Sector, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
⁸⁰ SUPA, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
⁸¹ School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
⁸² Space Research Institute (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya Str 84/32, 117997 Moscow, Russia
⁸³ Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
⁸⁴ Stanford University, Dept of Physics, Varian Physics Bldg, 382 via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California, USA
⁸⁵ UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR7095, 98 bis Boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France
⁸⁶ Universität Heidelberg, Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, Albert-Überle-Str. 2, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
⁸⁷ Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
⁸⁸ University Observatory, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Scheinerstrasse 1, 81679 Munich, Germany
⁸⁹ University of Granada, Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Facultad de Ciencias, Granada, Spain
⁹⁰ University of Miami, Knight Physics Building, 1320 Campo Sano Dr., Coral Gables, Florida, USA
⁹¹ Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland

Received: 23 December 2011
Accepted: 15 April 2012

Abstract

We present further results from the ongoing XMM-Newton validation follow-up of Planck cluster candidates, detailing X-ray observations of eleven candidates detected at a signal-to-noise ratio of 4.5 < S/N < 5.3 in the same 10-month survey maps used in the construction of the Early SZ sample. The sample was selected in order to test internal SZ quality flags, and the pertinence of these flags is discussed in light of the validation results. Ten of the candidates are found to be bona fide clusters lying below the RASS flux limit. Redshift estimates are available for all confirmed systems via X-ray Fe-line spectroscopy. They lie in the redshift range 0.19 < z < 0.94, demonstrating Planck’s capability to detect clusters up to high z. The X-ray properties of the new clusters appear to be similar to previous new detections by Planck at lower z and higher SZ flux: the majority are X-ray underluminous for their mass, estimated using Y_X as mass proxy, and many have a disturbed morphology. We find tentative indication for Malmquist bias in the Y_SZ–Y_X relation, with a turnover at Y_SZ ~ 4 × 10^-4 arcmin². We present additional new optical redshift determinations with ENO and ESO telescopes of candidates previously confirmed with XMM-Newton. The X-ray and optical redshifts for a total of 20 clusters are found to be in excellent agreement. We also show that useful lower limits can be put on cluster redshifts using X-ray data only via the use of the Y_X vs. Y_SZ and X-ray flux F_X vs. Y_SZ relations.