Planck early results. VI. The High Frequency Instrument data processing^⋆

¹ Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Science Data Center, c/o ESRIN, via Galileo Galilei, Frascati, Italy
² Astroparticule et Cosmologie, CNRS (UMR7164), Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, Bâtiment Condorcet, 10 rue A. Domon et Léonie Duquet, Paris, France
³ Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
⁴ Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, ALMA Santiago Central Offices, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla, 763 0355 Santiago, Chile
⁵ CITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
⁶ CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
⁷ California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
⁸ DAMTP, University of Cambridge, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK
⁹ DSM/Irfu/SPP, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
¹⁰ DTU Space, National Space Institute, Juliane Mariesvej 30, Copenhagen, Denmark
¹¹ Département de Physique Théorique, Université de Genève, 24 Quai E. Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
¹² Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
¹³ Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
¹⁴ Department of Physics, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, USA
¹⁵ Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, USA
¹⁶ Department of Physics, University of Oxford, 1 Keble Road, Oxford, UK
¹⁷ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, P.le A. Moro 2, Roma, Italy
¹⁸ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, Milano, Italy
¹⁹ European Southern Observatory, ESO Vitacura, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago, Chile
²⁰ European Space Agency, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
²¹ INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, Italy
²² INAF/IASF Bologna, via Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy
²³ INAF/IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, Milano, Italy
²⁴ INSU, Institut des sciences de l’univers, CNRS, 3 rue Michel-Ange, 75794 Paris Cedex 16, France
²⁵ IPAG: Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble 1/CNRS-INSU, UMR 5274, 38041 Grenoble, France
²⁶ Imperial College London, Astrophysics group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
²⁷ Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
²⁸ Institut Néel, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, 25 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
²⁹ Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, Orsay, France
³⁰ Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS UMR7095, Université Pierre & Marie Curie, 98bis boulevard Arago, Paris, France
³¹ Institut de Ciències de l’Espai, CSIC/IEEC, Facultat de Ciències, Campus UAB, Torre C5 par-2, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
³² Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Avenida Divina Pastora 7, Local 20, 18012 Granada, Spain
³³ Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM), Domaine Universitaire de Grenoble, 300 rue de la Piscine, 38406 Grenoble, France
³⁴ Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
³⁵ Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/Vía Láctea s/n, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
³⁶ Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
³⁷ Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
³⁸ Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK
³⁹ LERMA, CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, 61 Ave de l’Observatoire, Paris, France
⁴⁰ Laboratoire AIM, IRFU/Service d’Astrophysique - CEA/DSM - CNRS - Université Paris Diderot, Bât. 709, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
⁴¹ Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l’Information, CNRS (UMR 5141) and Télécom ParisTech, 46 rue Barrault, 75634 Paris Cedex 13, France
⁴² Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, 38 rue Frédéric Joliot-Curie, 13388, Marseille Cedex 13, France
⁴³ Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, 53 rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
⁴⁴ Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire, Université Paris-Sud 11, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
⁴⁵ Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
⁴⁶ Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, Germany
⁴⁷ National University of Ireland, Department of Experimental Physics, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
⁴⁸ Observational Cosmology, Mail Stop 367-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
⁴⁹ Optical Science Laboratory, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
⁵⁰ Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, UK
⁵¹ SUPA, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
⁵² School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
⁵³ Space Research Institute (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya Str, 84/32, 117997 Moscow, Russia
⁵⁴ Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
⁵⁵ Stanford University, Dept of Physics, Varian Physics Bldg, 382 via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California, USA
⁵⁶ Universität Heidelberg, Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, Albert-Überle-Str. 2, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
⁵⁷ Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
⁵⁸ Universities Space Research Association, Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, MS 211-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
⁵⁹ University of Granada, Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Facultad de Ciencias, Granada, Spain
⁶⁰ University of Miami, Knight Physics Building, 1320 Campo Sano Dr., Coral Gables, Florida, USA
⁶¹ Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland

Received: 7 January 2011
Accepted: 20 July 2011

Abstract

We describe the processing of the 336 billion raw data samples from the High Frequency Instrument (HFI) which we performed to produce six temperature maps from the first 295 days of Planck-HFI survey data. These maps provide an accurate rendition of the sky emission at 100, 143, 217, 353, 545 and 857 GHz with an angular resolution ranging from 9.9 to 4.4′. The white noise level is around 1.5 μK degree or less in the 3 main CMB channels (100–217 GHz). The photometric accuracy is better than 2% at frequencies between 100 and 353  GHz and around 7% at the two highest frequencies. The maps created by the HFI Data Processing Centre reach our goals in terms of sensitivity, resolution, and photometric accuracy. They are already sufficiently accurate and well-characterised to allow scientific analyses which are presented in an accompanying series of early papers. At this stage, HFI data appears to be of high quality and we expect that with further refinements of the data processing we should be able to achieve, or exceed, the science goals of the Planck project.