Planck early results. X. Statistical analysis of Sunyaev-Zeldovich scaling relations for X-ray galaxy clusters^⋆

¹ Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory, Metsähovintie 114, 02540 Kylmälä, Finland
² Agenzia Spaziale Italiana Science Data Center, c/o ESRIN, via Galileo Galilei, Frascati, Italy
³ Astroparticule et Cosmologie, CNRS (UMR7164), Université Denis Diderot Paris 7, Bâtiment Condorcet, 10 rue A. Domon et Léonie Duquet, Paris, France
⁴ Astrophysics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
⁵ Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, ALMA Santiago Central Offices, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 763 0355, Santiago, Chile
⁶ CITA, University of Toronto, 60 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada
⁷ CNRS, IRAP, 9 Av. colonel Roche, BP 44346, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
⁸ California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
⁹ Centre of Mathematics for Applications, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
¹⁰ Centro de Astrofísica, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal
¹¹ DAMTP, University of Cambridge, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK
¹² DSM/Irfu/SPP, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
¹³ DTU Space, National Space Institute, Juliane Mariesvej 30, Copenhagen, Denmark
¹⁴ Departamento de Física, Universidad de Oviedo, Avda. Calvo Sotelo s/n, Oviedo, Spain
¹⁵ Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto, 50 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
¹⁶ Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
¹⁷ Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
¹⁸ Department of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2a, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
¹⁹ Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
²⁰ Department of Physics, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
²¹ Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
²² Department of Physics, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California, USA
²³ Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California, USA
²⁴ Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1110 West Green Street, Urbana, Illinois, USA
²⁵ Dipartimento di Fisica G. Galilei, Università degli Studi di Padova, via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
²⁶ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università La Sapienza, P. le A. Moro 2, Roma, Italy
²⁷ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, Milano, Italy
²⁸ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Trieste, via A. Valerio 2, Trieste, Italy
²⁹ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Ferrara, via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
³⁰ Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, Roma, Italy
³¹ Discovery Center, Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark
³² Dpto. Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
³³ European Southern Observatory, ESO Vitacura, Alonso de Cordova 3107, Vitacura, Casilla 19001, Santiago, Chile
³⁴ European Space Agency, ESAC, Planck Science Office, Camino bajo del Castillo, s/n, Urbanización Villafranca del Castillo, Villanueva de la Cañada, Madrid, Spain
³⁵ European Space Agency, ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands
³⁶ Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
³⁷ INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 5, Padova, Italy
³⁸ INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via di Frascati 33, Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
³⁹ INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, via G.B. Tiepolo 11, Trieste, Italy
⁴⁰ INAF/IASF Bologna via Gobetti 101, Bologna, Italy
⁴¹ INAF/IASF Milano, via E. Bassini 15, Milano, Italy
⁴² INRIA, Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique, Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 490, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
⁴³ IPAG: Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier, Grenoble 1 / CNRS-INSU, UMR 5274, Grenoble, 38041, France
⁴⁴ Imperial College London, Astrophysics group, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
⁴⁵ Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
⁴⁶ Institut Néel, CNRS, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, 25 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble, France
⁴⁷ Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale, CNRS (UMR8617) Université Paris-Sud 11, Bâtiment 121, Orsay, France
⁴⁸ Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS UMR7095, Université Pierre & Marie Curie, 98 bis boulevard Arago, Paris, France
⁴⁹ Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
⁵⁰ Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
⁵¹ Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway
⁵² Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, C/Vía Láctea s/n, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
⁵³ Instituto de Física de Cantabria (CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria), Avda. de los Castros s/n, Santander, Spain
⁵⁴ Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, California, USA
⁵⁵ Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Alan Turing Building, School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
⁵⁶ Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK
⁵⁷ LERMA, CNRS, Observatoire de Paris, 61 Avenue de l’Observatoire, Paris, France
⁵⁸ Laboratoire AIM, IRFU/Service d’Astrophysique – CEA/DSM – CNRS – Université Paris Diderot, Bât. 709, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
⁵⁹ Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l’Information, CNRS (UMR 5141) and Télécom ParisTech, 46 rue Barrault, 75634 Paris Cedex 13, France
⁶⁰ Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble, 53 rue des Martyrs, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
⁶¹ Laboratoire de l’Accélérateur Linéaire, Université Paris-Sud 11, CNRS/IN2P3, Orsay, France
⁶² Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
⁶³ Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, 85741 Garching, Germany
⁶⁴ Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstraße, 85748 Garching, Germany
⁶⁵ MilliLab, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 3, Espoo, Finland
⁶⁶ National University of Ireland, Department of Experimental Physics, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
⁶⁷ Niels Bohr Institute, Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark
⁶⁸ Observational Cosmology, Mail Stop 367-17, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
⁶⁹ SISSA, Astrophysics Sector, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
⁷⁰ SUPA, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK
⁷¹ School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Queens Buildings, The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
⁷² Space Research Institute (IKI), Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya Str 84/32, Moscow 117997, Russia
⁷³ Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
⁷⁴ Stanford University, Dept of Physics, Varian Physics Bldg, 382 via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California, USA
⁷⁵ Universität Heidelberg, Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, Albert-Überle-Str. 2, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
⁷⁶ Université de Toulouse, UPS-OMP, IRAP, 31028 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
⁷⁷ Universityof Granada, Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Facultad de Ciencias, Granada, Spain
⁷⁸ University of Miami, Knight Physics Building, 1320 Campo Sano Dr., Coral Gables, Florida, USA
⁷⁹ Warsaw University Observatory, Aleje Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warszawa, Poland

Received: 7 January 2011
Accepted: 17 June 2011

Abstract

All-sky data from the Planck survey and the Meta-Catalogue of X-ray detected Clusters of galaxies (MCXC) are combined to investigate the relationship between the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) signal and X-ray luminosity. The sample comprises  ~1600 X-ray clusters with redshifts up to  ~1 and spans a wide range in X-ray luminosity. The SZ signal is extracted for each object individually, and the statistical significance of the measurement is maximised by averaging the SZ signal in bins of X-ray luminosity, total mass, or redshift. The SZ signal is detected at very high significance over more than two decades in X-ray luminosity (10⁴³ergs^-1 ≲ L₅₀₀E(z)^−7/3 ≲ 2 × 10⁴⁵ergs^-1). The relation between intrinsic SZ signal and X-ray luminosity is investigated and the measured SZ signal is compared to values predicted from X-ray data. Planck measurements and X-ray based predictions are found to be in excellent agreement over the whole explored luminosity range. No significant deviation from standard evolution of the scaling relations is detected. For the first time the intrinsic scatter in the scaling relation between SZ signal and X-ray luminosity is measured and found to be consistent with the one in the luminosity – mass relation from X-ray studies. There is no evidence of any deficit in SZ signal strength in Planck data relative to expectations from the X-ray properties of clusters, underlining the robustness and consistency of our overall view of intra-cluster medium properties.