The termination shock of a magnetar wind: a possible origin of gamma-ray burst X-ray afterglow emission

¹ Institute of Astrophysics, Huazhong Normal University, Wuhan 430079, PR China e-mail: yuyw@phy.ccnu.edu.cn
² Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics (Huazhong Normal University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430079, PR China
³ Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
⁴ Department of Astronomy, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China
⁵ Department of Physics and Electronics, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan 430205, PR China

Received: 7 September 2009
Accepted: 13 May 2010

Abstract

Context. Swift observations suggest that the X-ray afterglow emission of some gamma-ray bursts (GRB) may have internal origins, and the conventional external shock (ES) cannot be the exclusive source of the afterglow emission.

Aims. If the central compact objects of some GRBs are millisecond magentars, the magnetar winds could play an important role in the (internal) X-ray afterglow emission, which is our focus here.

Methods. The dynamics and the synchrotron radiation of the termination shock (TS) of the magmnetar winds, as well as the simultaneous GRB ES, are investigated by considering the magnetization of the winds.

Results. As a result of the competition between the emission of the wind TS and the GRB ES, two basic types of X-ray afterglows are predicted, i.e., the TS-dominated and the ES-dominated types. Moreover, our results also show that both of the two types of afterglows have a shallow-decay phase and a normal-decay one, as observed by the Swift satellite. This indicates that some observed X-ray afterglows could be (internally) produced by the magnetar winds, but not necessarily GRB ESs.