Letter to the Editor

A snapshot of the inner dusty regions of a R CrB-type variable ^*,**

¹ Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Dpt Cassiopée, CNRS – UMR 6202, BP 4229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France e-mail: laverny@obs-nice.fr
² Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 59072-970 Natal, RN, Brazil
³ Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Dpt Gemini – CNRS – UMR 6203, Avenue Copernic, 06130 Grasse, France

Received: 19 January 2007
Accepted: 28 January 2007

Abstract

Context.R Coronae Borealis (R CrB) variable stars are suspected to sporadically eject optically thick dust clouds causing, when one of them lies on the line-of-sight, a huge brightness decline in visible light. Direct detections with 8-m class adaptive optics of such clouds located at about 0.2–0.3 arcsec from the center (~1000 stellar radii) were recently reported for RY Sgr, the brightest R CrB of the southern hemisphere.

Aims.Mid-infrared interferometric observations of RY Sgr allowed us to explore the circumstellar regions much closer to the central star (~20–40 mas) to look for the signature of any heterogeneities and to characterize them.

Methods.Using the VLTI/MIDI instrument, five dispersed visibility curves in the N-band were recorded in May and June 2005 with different projected baselines oriented towards two roughly perpendicular directions. The large spatial frequencies' visibility curves exhibit a sinusoidal shape, whereas, at shorter spatial frequencies' visibility curves follow a Gaussian decrease. These observations are well interpreted with a geometrical model consisting of a central star surrounded by an extended circumstellar envelope in which one bright cloud is embedded.

Results.Within this simple geometrical scheme, the inner 110 AU dusty environment of RY Sgr is dominated at the time of observations by a single dusty cloud, which at 10 μm represents ~10% of the total flux of the whole system, slightly less that the star flux. The cloud is located at about 100 stellar radii (or ~30 AU) from the center toward the East-North-East direction (or the symmetric direction with respect to center) within a circumstellar envelope whose FWHM is about 120 stellar radii. This first detection of a cloud so close to the central star supports the classical scenario of the R CrB brightness variations in the optical spectral domain and demonstrates the feasibility of a temporal monitoring of the dusty environment of this star on a monthly scale.