Issue |
A&A
Volume 462, Number 1, January IV 2007
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 163 - 172 | |
Section | Interstellar and circumstellar matter | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20065621 | |
Published online | 11 October 2006 |
Warm SiO gas in molecular bullets associated with protostellar outflows
1
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, via di Frascati 33, 00040 Monteporzio Catone, Italy e-mail: nisini@oa-roma.inaf.it
2
INAF – Istituto di Radioastronomia, Sezione di Firenze, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125 Firenze, Italy
3
Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (IGN), Alfonso XII 3, 28014 Madrid, Spain
4
Cavendish Laboratory, J J Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
Received:
17
May
2006
Accepted:
27
September
2006
Context.We present the first SiO multiline analysis (from J = 2–1 to J = 11–10) of the molecular bullets along the outflows of the Class 0 sources L1448-mm and L1157-mm, obtained through observations with IRAM and JCMT.
Aims.We investigate the physical properties of different types of bullets, in order to explore their excitation conditions and constrain their formation and evolution.
Methods.We have computed the main physical parameters (, Tkin, NSiO) in each bullet and compared them with other tracers of warm and dense gas and with models for the SiO excitation in shocks.
Results.The bullets close to L1448-mm, associated with high velocity gas, have higher
excitation conditions ( ~ 106 cm-3,
K) than the L1157 bullets (
~ 1–5
105 cm-3,
K). In both the sources, there is clear evidence of the presence of velocity components
having different excitation conditions, with the denser and/or warmer gas associated with
the gas at the higher speed.
In L1448 the bulk of the emission is due to the high-excitation and high velocity gas, while in L1157 most of the emission comes from the low excitation gas at ambient velocity.
The observed velocity-averaged line ratios
are well reproduced by shocks with speeds vs larger than ~30 km s-1 and densities ~105–106 cm-3. Plane-parallel shock
models, however, fail to predict all the observed line profiles and in particular the very similar profiles shown by both low and high excitation lines.
Conclusions.The observations support the idea that the L1157 clumps are shock interaction events older than the L1448 bullets close to the driving source. In the latter objects, the velocity structure and the variations of physical parameters with the velocity very closely resemble those found in optical/IR jets near the protostar, suggesting that similar launching and excitation mechanisms are also at the origin of collimated jets seen at millimetre wavelengths.
Key words: ISM: jets and outflows / ISM: molecules / shock waves / submillimeter / ISM: individual objects: L1448-L1157 / line: formation
© ESO, 2007
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