Issue |
A&A
Volume 441, Number 2, October II 2005
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 473 - 489 | |
Section | Extragalactic astronomy | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20041389 | |
Published online | 19 September 2005 |
New CO observations and simulations of the NGC 4438/NGC 4435 system
Interaction diagnostics of the Virgo cluster galaxy NGC 4438
1
CDS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, 11 rue de l'université, 67000 Strasbourg, France e-mail: bvollmer@astro.u-strasbg.fr
2
Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Auf dem Hügel 69, 53121 Bonn Germany
3
Observatoire de Bordeaux (OASU), UMR 5804, CNRS/INSU, BP 89, 33270 Floirac, France
4
Observatoire de Paris, LERMA, 61 Av. de l'Observatoire, 75014 Paris, France
5
Institute of Astronomy, University of Tokyo, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-0015, Japan
Received:
2
June
2004
Accepted:
22
June
2005
NGC 4438 is a highly perturbed spiral with a stellar tidal tail and extraplanar
molecular gas, now very HI deficient, crossing the center of the Virgo cluster
at high speed. Various authors have attributed the perturbed appearance to the
ram pressure of the intracluster medium, the tidal interaction with NGC 4435,
and an ISM-ISM collision between the ISM of NGC 4438 and NGC 4435.
We present new CO observations covering virtually all of NGC 4438 and the center
of NGC 4435 and detailed simulations including all of the above effects.
For the first time CO is detected in NGC 4435.
In NGC 4438 we find double line profiles at distances up to to the west and south-west
and redshifted lines with respect to galactic rotation in the south of the center.
The lack of gas to the North and East coupled with the large gaseous extent to the West and
the redshifted and double line profiles can only be reproduced with a ram pressure wind.
NGC 4438 is most probably on its first passage
through the cluster center and has been stripped of its HI only over the past
100 Myr. While an ISM-ISM collision between NGC 4435 and NGC 4438 may occur,
the effect is not significant compared to ram pressure and tidal forces,
not surprising for the passage of an S0 galaxy
kpc from the center
of NGC 4438. We also detect narrow CO lines, in the absence of detected HI, in the
northern tidal arm some 15 kpc from the center of NGC 4438. This can be understood
from the simulations assuming a few percent of the gas is too dense to experience the ram pressure
wind. NGC 4438 has changed greatly over the past 100 Myr due to its plunge through
the center of the Virgo cluster and the interaction with the S0 NGC 4435.
The ram pressure wind has a strong effect which is increased by the interaction with NGC 4435,
bringing gas further from NGC 4438 where the ram pressure strips it away.
Key words: galaxies: individual: NGC 4438 / galaxies: interactions / galaxies: ISM / galaxies: kinematics and dynamics
© ESO, 2005
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