Issue |
A&A
Volume 437, Number 3, July III 2005
|
|
---|---|---|
Page(s) | 1029 - 1046 | |
Section | Stellar atmospheres | |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20052810 | |
Published online | 30 June 2005 |
An XMM-Newton observation of the multiple system HD 167971 (O5-8V + O5-8V + (O8I)) and the young open cluster NGC 6604
1
Institut d'Astrophysique, Université de Liège, Allée du 6 Août, Bât. B5c, 4000 Liège (Sart Tilman), Belgium e-mail: debecker@astro.ulg.ac.be
2
Royal Observatory of Belgium, Avenue Circulaire 3, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
3
Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
4
School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
Received:
3
February
2005
Accepted:
19
March
2005
We discuss the results of two XMM-Newton observations of the open cluster NGC 6604 obtained in April and September 2002. We concentrate mainly on the multiple system HD 167971 (O5-8V + O5-8V + (O8I)). The soft part of the EPIC spectrum of this system is thermal with typical temperatures of about 2 106 to 9
106 K. The nature (thermal vs. non-thermal) of the hard part of the spectrum is not unambiguously revealed by our data. If the emission is thermal, the high temperature of the plasma (~2.3
107 to 4.6
107 K) would be typical of what should be expected from a wind-wind interaction zone within a long period binary system. This emission could arise from an interaction between the combined winds of the O5-8V + O5-8V close binary system and that of the more distant O8I companion. Assuming instead that the hard part of the spectrum is non-thermal, the photon index would be rather steep (~3). Moreover, a marginal variability between our two XMM-Newton pointings could be attributed to an eclipse of the O5-8V + O5-8V system. The overall X-ray luminosity points to a significant X-ray luminosity excess of about a factor 4 possibly due to colliding winds. Considering HD 167971 along with several recent X-ray and radio observations, we propose that the simultaneous observation of non-thermal radiation in the X-ray (below 10.0 keV) and radio domains appears rather unlikely. Our investigation of our XMM-Newton data of NGC 6604 reveals a rather sparse distribution of X-ray emitters. Including the two bright non-thermal radio emitters HD 168112 and HD 167971, we present a list of 31 X-ray sources along with the results of the cross-correlation with optical and infrared catalogues. A more complete spectral analysis is presented for the brightest X-ray sources. Some of the members of NGC 6604 present some characteristics suggesting they may be pre-main sequence star candidates.
Key words: radiation mechanisms: non-thermal / stars: early-type / stars: individual: HD 167971 / stars: winds, outflows / X-rays: stars
© ESO, 2005
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