Arrival time of halo coronal mass ejections in the vicinity of the Earth^*

¹ Astronomical Observatory of Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland e-mail: michalek@oa.uj.edu.pl
² The Catholic University of America, Washington DC 20064, USA
³ NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA
⁴ Instituto de Geofísica, UNAM, México

Received: 2 February 2004
Accepted: 26 April 2004

Abstract

We describe an empirical model to predict the 1-AU arrival time of halo CMEs. This model is based on the effective acceleration described by Gopalswamy et al. ([CITE]a, Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 145). We verify the Helios/Pioneer Venus Orbiter(PVO) estimation of the effective acceleration profile (Gopalswamy et al. [CITE]a, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 29207) by considering all full halo CMEs recorded by SOHO/LASCO coronagraphs until the end of 2002. In comparison with previous studies, the present work includes CMEs of a wider range of initial velocities. To improve the accuracy of prediction, we propose to introduce the effective acceleration from two groups of CMEs only, which are expected to have no acceleration cessation at any place between the Sun and Earth. In addition, we consider acceleration cessation distance dependent on initial velocities of a given event CME. For a detailed analysis of this model, we examine projected sky-plane and space speeds (Michałek et al. [CITE], ApJ, 584, 472) of CMEs. We show that a correct acceleration profile is crucial for the estimation of 1 AU arrival time of halo CMEs. We estimate that the CME arrival times can be predicted with an average error of 9 and 11 h for space and sky-plane initial velocities, respectively.