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Primordial rotating disk composed of at least 15 dense star-forming clumps at cosmic dawn

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High N/O ratio at high redshift as a result of a strong burst of star formation and differential galactic winds

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The JWST EXCELS survey: probing strong-line diagnostics and the chemical evolution of galaxies over cosmic time using Te-metallicities

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JADES: nitrogen enhancement in high-redshift broad-line active galactic nuclei

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Very massive stars at low metallicity: Evolution, synthetic spectroscopy, and impact on the integrated light of starbursts

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The Pitfalls of Using Lyα Damping Wings in High-z Galaxy Spectra to Measure the Intergalactic Neutral Hydrogen Fraction

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Local Analogs of Potential Ionizers of the Intergalactic Medium: Compact Star-forming Galaxies with Intense C IV λ1550 Emission

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The Astrophysical Journal 988 (1) 4 (2025)
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The Dual Nature of GHZ9: Coexisting Active Galactic Nuclei and Star Formation Activity in a Remote X-Ray Source at z = 10.145

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First joint absorption and Te-based metallicity measured in a GRB host galaxy at z = 4.28 using JWST/NIRSpec

Anne Inkenhaag, Patricia Schady, Phil Wiseman, Robert M Yates, Maryam Arabsalmani, Lise Christensen, Valerio D’Elia, Massimiliano De Pasquale, Rubén García-Benito, Dieter H Hartmann, Páll Jakobsson, Tanmoy Laskar, Andrew J Levan, Giovanna Pugliese, Andrea Rossi, Ruben Salvaterra, Sandra Savaglio, Boris Sbarufatti, Rhaana L C Starling, Nial Tanvir, Berk Topçu, Susanna D Vergani and Klaas Wiersema
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The Interstellar Medium in I Zw 18 Seen with JWST/MIRI. III. Spatially Resolved Three Ionization State Oxygen Abundance

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Mergers all the way down: stellar collisions and kinematics of a dense hierarchically forming massive star cluster in a dwarf starburst

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Antti Rantala, Natalia Lahén, Thorsten Naab, Gastón J Escobar and Giuliano Iorio
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 543 (3) 2130 (2025)
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New ionization models and the shocking nitrogen excess at z > 5

Sophia R Flury, Karla Z Arellano-Córdova, Edward C Moran and Alaina Einsig
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 543 (4) 3367 (2025)
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First Direct Carbon Abundance Measured at z > 10 in the Lensed Galaxy MACS0647-JD

Tiger Yu-Yang Hsiao, Michael W. Topping, Dan Coe, John Chisholm, Danielle A. Berg, Abdurro’uf, Javier Álvarez-Márquez, Roberto Maiolino, Pratika Dayal and Lukas J. Furtak
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The Interstellar Medium Conditions of a Strong Lyα Emitter at z = 8.279 from JWST: A Robust Lyman Continuum Leaker Candidate at the Epoch of Reionization

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The Astrophysical Journal 993 (2) 194 (2025)
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CLASSY XII: nitrogen enrichment shaped by gas density and feedback

K Z Arellano-Córdova, D A Berg, M Mingozzi, B L James, F Vincenzo, N S J Rogers, E D Skillman, R O Amorín, F Cullen, S R Flury, V Abril-Melgarejo, J Chisholm, T Heckman, M J Hayes, S Hernandez, N Kumari, C Kobayashi, C Leitherer, C L Martin, Z Martinez, T Nanayakkara, K S Parker, P Senchyna, C Scarlata, M G Stephenson, et al.
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https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1723

1000–10,000 M ⊙ Primordial Stars Created the Nitrogen Excess in GS 3073 at z = 5.55

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https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae1a63

Only Nitrogen-enhanced Galaxies Have Detectable Ultraviolet Nitrogen Emission Lines at High Redshift

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The Astrophysical Journal Letters 994 (1) L29 (2025)
https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae1c43

MARTA: Temperature-temperature relationships and strong-line metallicity calibrations from multiple auroral-line detections at cosmic noon

E. Cataldi, F. Belfiore, M. Curti, B. Moreschini, F. Mannucci, Q. D’Amato, G. Cresci, A. Feltre, M. Ginolfi, A. Marconi, A. Amiri, M. Arnaboldi, E. Bertola, C. Bracci, S. Carniani, M. Ceci, A. Chakraborty, M. Cirasuolo, F. Cullen, C. Kobayashi, N. Kumari, R. Maiolino, C. Marconcini, M. Scialpi and L. Ulivi
Astronomy & Astrophysics 703 A208 (2025)
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202554843

A Close Look at the Closest Nitrogen-loud Active Galaxy Akn 564

Chenwei Yang, Bo Liu, Peng Jiang, Xiheng Shi, Yipeng Zhou, Yaqi Zhao, Xingyu Zhou, Xiang Pan and Hongyan Zhou
The Astrophysical Journal Letters 995 (2) L44 (2025)
https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ae25f1

Under Pressure: Decoding the Effect of High Densities on Derived Nebular Properties

Zorayda Martinez, Danielle A. Berg, Bethan L. James, Karla Z. Arellano-Córdova, Daniel P. Stark, Peter Senchyna, Evan D. Skillman, Noah S. J. Rogers and John Chisholm
The Astrophysical Journal 995 (2) 204 (2025)
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Connecting JWST discovered N/O-enhanced galaxies to globular clusters: evidence from chemical imprints

Xihan Ji, Vasily Belokurov, Roberto Maiolino, Stephanie Monty, Yuki Isobe, Andrey Kravtsov, William McClymont and Hannah Übler
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 545 (3) (2025)
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf2110

Density-modulated star formation efficiency: implications for the observed abundance of ultraviolet luminous galaxies at z > 10

Rachel S Somerville, L Y Aaron Yung, Lachlan Lancaster, Shyam Menon, Laura Sommovigo and Steven L Finkelstein
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 544 (4) 3774 (2025)
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf1824

Rapid formation of a very massive star (>50000 M⊙), and subsequently, of an IMBH, from runaway collisions

Marcelo C. Vergara, Abbas Askar, Albrecht W. H. Kamlah, Rainer Spurzem, Francesco Flammini Dotti, Dominik R. G. Schleicher, Manuel Arca Sedda, Arkadiusz Hypki, Mirek Giersz, Jarrod Hurley, Peter Berczik, Andres Escala, Nils Hoyer, Nadine Neumayer, Xiaoying Pang, Ataru Tanikawa, Renyue Cen and Thorsten Naab
Astronomy & Astrophysics 704 A321 (2025)
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202555307

The Sunburst Arc with JWST. III. An Abundance of Direct Chemical Abundances

Brian Welch, T. Emil Rivera-Thorsen, Jane R. Rigby, Taylor A. Hutchison, Grace M. Olivier, Danielle A. Berg, Keren Sharon, Håkon Dahle, M. Riley Owens, Matthew B. Bayliss, Gourav Khullar, John Chisholm, Matthew Hayes and Keunho J. Kim
The Astrophysical Journal 980 (1) 33 (2025)
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada76c

The JWST EXCELS survey: tracing the chemical enrichment pathways of high-redshift star-forming galaxies with O, Ar, and Ne abundances

T M Stanton, F Cullen, A C Carnall, D Scholte, K Z Arellano-Córdova, D J McLeod, R Begley, C T Donnan, J S Dunlop, M L Hamadouche, R J McLure, A E Shapley, C Bondestam and S Stevenson
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 537 (2) 1735 (2025)
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staf106

Deep Rest-UV JWST/NIRSpec Spectroscopy of Early Galaxies: The Demographics of C iv and N-emitters in the Reionization Era

Michael W. Topping, Daniel P. Stark, Peter Senchyna, Zuyi Chen, Adi Zitrin, Ryan Endsley, Stéphane Charlot, Lukas J. Furtak, Michael V. Maseda, Adele Plat, Renske Smit, Ramesh Mainali, Jacopo Chevallard, Stephen Molyneux and Jane R. Rigby
The Astrophysical Journal 980 (2) 225 (2025)
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada95c

RIOJA. Complex Dusty Starbursts in a Major Merger B14-65666 at z = 7.15

Yuma Sugahara, Javier Álvarez-Márquez, Takuya Hashimoto, Luis Colina, Akio K. Inoue, Luca Costantin, Yoshinobu Fudamoto, Ken Mawatari, Yi W. Ren, Santiago Arribas, Tom J. L. C. Bakx, Carmen Blanco-Prieto, Daniel Ceverino, Alejandro Crespo Gómez, Masato Hagimoto, Takeshi Hashigaya, Rui Marques-Chaves, Hiroshi Matsuo, Yurina Nakazato, Miguel Pereira-Santaella, Yoichi Tamura, Mitsutaka Usui and Naoki Yoshida
The Astrophysical Journal 981 (2) 135 (2025)
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adb02a

What Can We Learn from the Nitrogen Abundance of High-z Galaxies?

Massimo Stiavelli, Takahiro Morishita, Marco Chiaberge, Nicha Leethochawalit, Colin Norman, Massimo Ricotti, Guido Roberts-Borsani, Tommaso Treu, Eros Vanzella, Rosemary F. G. Wyse, Yechi Zhang and Kit Boyett
The Astrophysical Journal 981 (2) 136 (2025)
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adb5f3

On the Average Ultraviolet Emission-line Spectra of High-redshift Galaxies: Hot and Cold, Carbon-poor, Nitrogen Modest, and Oozing Ionizing Photons

Matthew J. Hayes, Alberto Saldana-Lopez, Annalisa Citro, Bethan L. James, Matilde Mingozzi, Claudia Scarlata, Zorayda Martinez and Danielle A. Berg
The Astrophysical Journal 982 (1) 14 (2025)
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adaea1

Insight into the starburst nature of Galaxy GN-z11 with JWST MIRI spectroscopy

J. Álvarez-Márquez, A. Crespo Gómez, L. Colina, D. Langeroodi, R. Marques-Chaves, C. Prieto-Jiménez, A. Bik, A. Alonso-Herrero, L. Boogaard, L. Costantin, M. García-Marín, S. Gillman, J. Hjorth, E. Iani, I. Jermann, A. Labiano, J. Melinder, R. Meyer, G. Östlin, P. G. Pérez-González, P. Rinaldi, F. Walter, P. van der Werf and G. Wright
Astronomy & Astrophysics 695 A250 (2025)
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451731

The BoRG-JWST Survey: Program Overview and First Confirmations of Luminous Reionization-era Galaxies from Pure-parallel Observations

Guido Roberts-Borsani, Micaela Bagley, Sofía Rojas-Ruiz, Tommaso Treu, Takahiro Morishita, Steven L. Finkelstein, Michele Trenti, Pablo Arrabal Haro, Eduardo Bañados, Óscar A. Chávez Ortiz, Katherine Chworowsky, Taylor A. Hutchison, Rebecca L. Larson, Nicha Leethochawalit, Gene C. K. Leung, Charlotte Mason, Rachel S. Somerville, Massimo Stiavelli, L. Y. Aaron Yung, Susan A. Kassin and Christian Soto
The Astrophysical Journal 983 (1) 18 (2025)
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/adba60

The effects of surface fossil magnetic fields on massive star evolution: V. Models at low metallicity

Z Keszthelyi, J Puls, G Chiaki, H Nagakura, A ud-Doula, T Takiwaki and N Tominaga
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 533 (3) 3457 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1855

Impacts of stellar wind and supernovae on star cluster formation: Origins of extremely high N/O ratios and multiple stellar populations

Hajime Fukushima and Hidenobu Yajima
Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 76 (5) 1122 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/psae074

Fast-rotating massive Population III stars as possible sources of extreme N enrichment in high-redshift galaxies

Devesh Nandal, Yves Sibony and Sophie Tsiatsiou
Astronomy & Astrophysics 688 A142 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348866

Bound star clusters observed in a lensed galaxy 460 Myr after the Big Bang

Angela Adamo, Larry D. Bradley, Eros Vanzella, Adélaïde Claeyssens, Brian Welch, Jose M. Diego, Guillaume Mahler, Masamune Oguri, Keren Sharon, Abdurro’uf, Tiger Yu-Yang Hsiao, Xinfeng Xu, Matteo Messa, Augusto E. Lassen, Erik Zackrisson, Gabriel Brammer, Dan Coe, Vasily Kokorev, Massimo Ricotti, Adi Zitrin, Seiji Fujimoto, Akio K. Inoue, Tom Resseguier, Jane R. Rigby, Yolanda Jiménez-Teja, et al.
Nature 632 (8025) 513 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07703-7

JWST NIRSpec Spectroscopy of the Remarkable Bright Galaxy GHZ2/GLASS-z12 at Redshift 12.34

Marco Castellano, Lorenzo Napolitano, Adriano Fontana, Guido Roberts-Borsani, Tommaso Treu, Eros Vanzella, Jorge A. Zavala, Pablo Arrabal Haro, Antonello Calabrò, Mario Llerena, Sara Mascia, Emiliano Merlin, Diego Paris, Laura Pentericci, Paola Santini, Tom J. L. C. Bakx, Pietro Bergamini, Guido Cupani, Mark Dickinson, Alexei V. Filippenko, Karl Glazebrook, Claudio Grillo, Patrick L. Kelly, Matthew A. Malkan, Charlotte A. Mason, et al.
The Astrophysical Journal 972 (2) 143 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad5f88

Multivariate Predictors of Lyman Continuum Escape. II. Predicting Lyman Continuum Escape Fractions for High-redshift Galaxies*

Anne E. Jaskot, Anneliese C. Silveyra, Anna Plantinga, Sophia R. Flury, Matthew Hayes, John Chisholm, Timothy Heckman, Laura Pentericci, Daniel Schaerer, Maxime Trebitsch, Anne Verhamme, Cody Carr, Henry C. Ferguson, Zhiyuan Ji, Mauro Giavalisco, Alaina Henry, Rui Marques-Chaves, Göran Östlin, Alberto Saldana-Lopez, Claudia Scarlata, Gábor Worseck and Xinfeng Xu
The Astrophysical Journal 973 (2) 111 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad5557

Chemical evolution of a young super star cluster at the Sunburst Arc

Truman Tapia, Kenji Bekki and Brent Groves
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 534 (3) 2086 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2191

[Ne v] emission from a faint epoch of reionization-era galaxy: evidence for a narrow-line intermediate-mass black hole

J Chisholm, D A Berg, R Endsley, S Gazagnes, C T Richardson, E Lambrides, J Greene, S Finkelstein, S Flury, N G Guseva, A Henry, T A Hutchison, Y I Izotov, R Marques-Chaves, P Oesch, C Papovich, A Saldana-Lopez, D Schaerer and M  G Stephenson
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 534 (3) 2633 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2199

GA-NIFS: an extremely nitrogen-loud and chemically stratified galaxy at z ~ 5.55

Xihan Ji, Hannah Übler, Roberto Maiolino, Francesco D’Eugenio, Santiago Arribas, Andrew J Bunker, Stéphane Charlot, Michele Perna, Bruno Rodríguez Del Pino, Torsten Böker, Giovanni Cresci, Mirko Curti, Nimisha Kumari and Isabella Lamperti
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 535 (1) 881 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae2375

The earliest phases of CNO enrichment in galaxies

M. Rossi, D. Romano, A. Mucciarelli, E. Ceccarelli, D. Massari and G. Zamorani
Astronomy & Astrophysics 691 A284 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451189

Between the Extremes: A JWST Spectroscopic Benchmark for High-redshift Galaxies Using ∼500 Confirmed Sources at z ≥ 5

Guido Roberts-Borsani, Tommaso Treu, Alice Shapley, Adriano Fontana, Laura Pentericci, Marco Castellano, Takahiro Morishita, Pietro Bergamini and Piero Rosati
The Astrophysical Journal 976 (2) 193 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad85d3

ALMA Detection of [O iii] 88 μm at z = 12.33: Exploring the Nature and Evolution of GHZ2 as a Massive Compact Stellar System

Jorge A. Zavala, Tom Bakx, Ikki Mitsuhashi, Marco Castellano, Antonello Calabro, Hollis Akins, Veronique Buat, Caitlin M. Casey, David Fernandez-Arenas, Maximilien Franco, Adriano Fontana, Bunyo Hatsukade, Luis C. Ho, Ryota Ikeda, Jeyhan Kartaltepe, Anton M. Koekemoer, Jed McKinney, Lorenzo Napolitano, Pablo G. Pérez-González, Paola Santini, Stephen Serjeant, Elena Terlevich, Roberto Terlevich and L. Y. Aaron Yung
The Astrophysical Journal Letters 977 (1) L9 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad8f38

FROST-CLUSTERS – I. Hierarchical star cluster assembly boosts intermediate-mass black hole formation

Antti Rantala, Thorsten Naab and Natalia Lahén
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 531 (3) 3770 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae1413

Which Came First: Supermassive Black Holes or Galaxies? Insights from JWST

Joseph Silk, Mitchell C. Begelman, Colin Norman, Adi Nusser and Rosemary F. G. Wyse
The Astrophysical Journal Letters 961 (2) L39 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad1bf0

GN-z11 in Context: Possible Signatures of Globular Cluster Precursors at Redshift 10

Peter Senchyna, Adele Plat, Daniel P. Stark, Gwen C. Rudie, Danielle Berg, Stéphane Charlot, Bethan L. James and Matilde Mingozzi
The Astrophysical Journal 966 (1) 92 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad235e

Explaining the high nitrogen abundances observed in high-z galaxies via population III stars of a few thousand solar masses

Devesh Nandal, John A. Regan, Tyrone E. Woods, Eoin Farrell, Sylvia Ekström and Georges Meynet
Astronomy & Astrophysics 683 A156 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348035

Star clusters forming in a low-metallicity starburst – rapid self-enrichment by (very) massive stars

Natalia Lahén, Thorsten Naab and Dorottya Szécsi
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 530 (1) 645 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae904

A Comprehensive Metallicity Analysis of J0332−3557: Establishing a z ∼ 4 Anchor for Direct Gas Metallicity and C/O Abundance Investigations

Annalisa Citro, Danielle A. Berg, Dawn K. Erb, Matthew W. Auger, George D. Becker, Bethan L. James and Evan D. Skillman
The Astrophysical Journal 969 (2) 148 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad4600

The Sunburst Arc with JWST

T. Emil Rivera-Thorsen, J. Chisholm, B. Welch, J. R. Rigby, T. Hutchison, M. Florian, K. Sharon, S. Choe, H. Dahle, M. B. Bayliss, G. Khullar, M. Gladders, M. Hayes, A. Adamo, M. R. Owens and K. Kim
Astronomy & Astrophysics 690 A269 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202450359

Intense Star Cluster Formation: Stellar Masses, the Mass Function, and the Fundamental Mass Scale

Christopher D. Matzner
The Astrophysical Journal Letters 975 (1) L17 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ad85d4

Witnessing an extreme, highly efficient galaxy formation mode with resolved Lyman-α and Lyman-continuum emission

R. Marques-Chaves, D. Schaerer, E. Vanzella, A. Verhamme, M. Dessauges-Zavadsky, J. Chisholm, F. Leclercq, A. Upadhyaya, J. Álvarez-Márquez, L. Colina, T. Garel and M. Messa
Astronomy & Astrophysics 691 A87 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202451667

Comparing emission- and absorption-based gas-phase metallicities in GRB host galaxies at z = 2−4 using JWST

P Schady, R M Yates, L Christensen, A De Cia, A Rossi, V D’Elia, K E Heintz, P Jakobsson, T Laskar, A Levan, R Salvaterra, R L C Starling, N R Tanvir, C C Thöne, S Vergani, K Wiersema, M Arabsalmani, H -W Chen, M De Pasquale, A Fruchter, J P U Fynbo, R García-Benito, B Gompertz, D Hartmann, C Kouveliotou, et al.
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 529 (3) 2807 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stae677

CLASSY. IX. The Chemical Evolution of the Ne, S, Cl, and Ar Elements

Karla Z. Arellano-Córdova, Danielle A. Berg, Matilde Mingozzi, Bethan L. James, Noah S. J. Rogers, Evan D. Skillman, Fergus Cullen, Ryan K. Alexander, Ricardo O. Amorín, John Chisholm, Matthew Hayes, Timothy Heckman, Svea Hernandez, Nimisha Kumari, Claus Leitherer, Crystal L. Martin, Michael Maseda, Themiya Nanayakkara, Kaelee Parker, Swara Ravindranath, Allison L. Strom, Fiorenzo Vincenzo and Aida Wofford
The Astrophysical Journal 968 (2) 98 (2024)
https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad34cf

GN-z11: Witnessing the formation of second-generation stars and an accreting massive black hole in a massive star cluster

F. D’Antona, E. Vesperini, F. Calura, P. Ventura, A. D’Ercole, V. Caloi, A. F. Marino, A. P. Milone, F. Dell’Agli and M. Tailo
Astronomy & Astrophysics 680 L19 (2023)
https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202348240