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Fig. 4

Fig. 4 Refer to the following caption and surrounding text.

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Snapshots of the dynamical evolution of the system shown in the semi-major axis–eccentricity plane from 0 to 200 Myr. Light-gray points indicate planetesimals; orange points mark Jupiter and Saturn; blue and red points show the Earth and Mars analogs, with sizes scaled to mass. Earth analogs, which achieve a final mass of approximately 0.71 M, experience rapid growth within the dense annulus. In contrast, the Mars analog embryo, which reaches a final mass of about 0.14 M, is scattered outward at an early stage and retains a low mass within a depleted area.

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