Open Access

Table 1

Description of the LLM models.

API model Abbreviation Context
length
gpt-4o-2024-11-20 GPT-4o 128000
gpt-4.1-2025-04-14 GPT-4.1 1 048 576
gpt-5-2025-08-07 GPT-5 400 000
gpt-5.2-2025-12-11 GPT-5.2 400 000
gpt-5.2-codex GPT-5.2-Codex 400 000
gpt-5.3-codex GPT-5.3-Codex 400 000
claude-3-7-sonnet-20250219 Claude 3.7 200 000
claude-sonnet-4-5-20250929 Claude Sonnet 4.5 200 000
claude-opus-4-6 Claude Opus 4.6 200 000
gemini-2.5 flash Gemini 2.5 Flash 1 048 576
gemini-2.5 pro Gemini 2.5 Pro 1 048 576
gemini-3-flash-preview Gemini 3 Flash 1 048 576
gemini-3.1-flash-lite-preview Gemini 3.1 Flash 1 048 576

Current usage metrics show cumulative count of Article Views (full-text article views including HTML views, PDF and ePub downloads, according to the available data) and Abstracts Views on Vision4Press platform.

Data correspond to usage on the plateform after 2015. The current usage metrics is available 48-96 hours after online publication and is updated daily on week days.

Initial download of the metrics may take a while.