Reconstruction of annual solar irradiance over the last three millennia

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Table B.1.

Comparison of the amplitude of secular TSI variability for different reconstructions.

Dataset	ΔTSI [W/m²]
	3 millennia	1 millennium
This work	$1 . 04_{- 0.2}^{+ 0.14}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 1.04_{-0.2}^{+0.14} $$	$0 . 8_{- 0.23}^{+ 0.11}$ $Mathematical equation: $ 0.8_{-0.23}^{+0.11} $$
Wu et al. (2018)	1.30	0.94
Egorova et al. (2018)	6.62	4.80
Lean (2018)	–	0.94
Roth & Joos (2013)	0.95	0.72
Muscheler et al. (2007)	–	0.41
Delaygue & Bard (2011)	–	1.23
Penza et al. (2024)	–	2.27
Steinhilber et al. (2012)	1.23	0.94

Notes. The amplitude is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimum values of the 50-year running mean. Wu et al. (2018) has a decadal resolution, so we applied a five-decade running means, while Steinhilber et al. (2012) has a 22-year resolution, for which we applied two-point running means. Values are given for the full period overlapping with our reconstruction (996 BCE–1900 CE), where available, and for the last millennium (850–1850 CE), which is when all reconstructions are available.

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