Comparison of multi-millennial TSI reconstructions shown relative to their mean level over the Maunder minimum reference period (1650–1700) marked by the vertical blue lines. Shown are our reconstruction (blue), the telescopic sunspot-based reconstruction of Temaj et al. (2026, red; TSI ISN), and reconstructions by Wu et al. (2018, green; W18); Penza et al. (2024, brown; P24); Egorova et al. (2018, olive; E18); Lean (2018, light blue; L18); Roth & Joos (2013, orange; R13); Muscheler et al. (2007, pink; M07); Delaygue & Bard (2011, black; D11); and Steinhilber et al. (2012, purple; S12). All series are shown as 22-year moving means, except for Wu et al. (2018), which has decadal resolution and is therefore represented by a 20-year moving mean, while Steinhilber et al. (2012) is provided at 22-year cadence. The lower panel excludes the reconstructions by Penza et al. (2024) and Egorova et al. (2018) to improve the visibility of the remaining series. The horizontal dashed grey line marks ΔTSI = 0.