Effect of halving the pebble metallicity to Z = 0.005. Top: maintaining the turbulence at a low level of δ = 10⁻⁵, the same as in the top left panel of Fig. 4, effectively quenches the formation of cold gas giants, while warm and hot gas giants can still form. The populations of sub-Neptunes, super-Earths, and rocky planets are relatively unaffected by the lower metallicity. Bottom: increasing the turbulence strength to δ = 3 × 10⁻⁵ also quenches the formation of warm gas giants, with only a small population remaining in the 0.1–0.3 AU region.