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Fig. 2.

Fig. 2. Refer to the following caption and surrounding text.

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Left: Period–density distribution of close-in Neptunian planets with precise masses and radii (4 ≤ Rp/R ≤ 8.5). The red curve shows the tidal survival limit adopting η = 4.0. Vertical dashed lines mark the desert–ridge and ridge–savanna boundaries (Castro-González et al. 2024a), and horizontal dotted blue and red lines indicate the low- and high-density quantiles and their intersections with the tidal limit. The grey-shaded region highlights the low-density depletion, which effectively limits typical HEM outcomes to the ridge interval. Right: Normalised density distribution, defining the savanna as Porb > 8 d.

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